ACRIDINE ORANGE AO

Merck Index Number Not listed Chemical/Dye Class Acridine Molecular Formula C17H20CIN3 Molecular Weight 301.82 Physical Form Orange solid 

Solubility Soluble in water, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, methanol 

Imaging/Labeling Applications Bacteria blood smears - casein cells/tissues  

Sabnis, R. W. Handbook of Biological Dyes and Stains, John Wiley Sons Inc. Hoboken, 2010 pp 5-7. 

Albert, A. The Acridines Their Preparation, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties and Uses, St. Martin s Press New York, 1966 pll3. 

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Removal of natural organic matter (acridine orange [ao] color) [78,79]... 

Fig. 2 Schematic of base pair in dsDNA (A) and acridine orange (AO) (B). The AO intercalates between sequential base pairs, extending the phosphate backbone.

Fig. 2. Ill) Molar extinction coefficient at 500 mjr, of monomeric acridine orange (AO) bound to the polyelectrolyte as a function of the degree of neutralization a. O, PMA , PAA [from reference (II)]...

An important information is to find out where the luminescent heli-cates are located within the cytosol of the live cells. Several experiments have been conducted, including colocalization experiments in which the cells were incubated successively with the helicate and with organic stains known to localize in specific compartments of the HeLa cells, such as acridine orange (AO) which stains the cell nuclei. Part of these experiments are shown on Figure 107. In the top part, the helicate is shown, after a short incubation time, to be entrapped into isolated vesicles which diffuse into the cytoplasm and the size of which is usually around... 

Energy tr msfer in one dimension was also studied using the FD method. In this case the donor was Acridine Orange (AO) and the acceptor was a weakly fluorescent dye, Nile Blue (NB). Binding of NB to AO-DNA at a low dye/base-pair ratio resulted in significant quenching of the... 

Figure IS.12. Emission spectra of Acridine Orange (AO) bound to DNA mth different concentrations of Nile Blue (NB) acceptor per DNA base pair. Fnm Ref. 18, Maltwal, B. P., Ku a. J.. and Lakowica. . R.. Fluorescence energy transfer in one dimension mequency domain fluorescence study of DNA-41uOT [ ie coriq>lexes, Biopotymtn 35 245-2SS. Copyri t C 1994.R cintcd withpemussionfeomJohn Wley and Sons, Inc.

Here again, (45) holds and luminescence intensities may be substituted with lifetimes. It turns out from these equations that if the Stem-Volmer plot is linear, it reflects the sole presence of dynamic quenching. This is, for instance, the case for the quenching of the bimetallic [Eu2(L )3] helicate with acridine orange (AO), as shown (Ml Fig. 16. The corresponding constants are Kp = 6.7(1) x 10 and kg = 2.7(1) X 10 M s On the other hand, quenching of the same chelate with... 

To try to explain qualitatively the effect of Bu4N, the effect of dyes on the macro-molecular behaviour of PLL has been investigated and compared to that of Bu4N. The influence of bound dye (Acridine Orange AO) on the conformational transition of PLL has been estimated by viscosity measurements. 

For instance, ethidimn bromide (ED) and acridine orange (AO) are well known to interact with DNA strands. We also noticed that AO dynamically quenches the luminescence ofthe [Eu2(L 2)3] complex. Taking advantage of that property led to the development of a new assay to determine DNA concentration a solution containing both AO and [Eu2(L )3]... 

The spectrophotometric behaviour of solutions of 1-1 penta= methylene bis (3,6 - bis(dimethylamino) acridinium), D, was recently discussed D is a "Bifunctional or "dimer" dye obtained by con= necting the 10 - N nitrogens of two acridine orange (AO) molecules through a pentamethylene chain. 

The cells are stained with a fluorochrome. The two most commonly used stains are 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPl) [113] and acridine orange (AO) [63]. Both of those compounds bind nucleic acid molecules, DNA and RNA. A number of procedures have been developed for each one of dyes in question (e.g., stain, then filter versus filter... 

As a first example, the complex of acridine orange (AO) with calf thymus DNA has been studied [38]. The stability of the complex upon adsorption on the silver colloid was confirmed by absorption spectroscopy (Fig. 20.14, right). In solution the absorption maximum at 504 nm (trace b) of AO in the complex is red shifted as compared to 495 mn (trace a) of the spectrum of the free AO molecule. The analogous red shift is maintamed when the complex is added into a solution containing the silver colloid (trace d). 

Acridine orange (AO) Alkaline cell green Acid cell red/purple 502 526 Cell acidity 10.0 33 pL Not used in yeast/protein mixtures. Slightly labels the membrane green... 

TABLE 2. Derived rate constants for forward electron transfer processes observed with intercalated ethidium bromide (EB ) or acridine orange (AO) at implied distances (R). 

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