Aconite, Extract

Mizugaki, M., Ito, K., Ohyama, Y., Konishi, Y., Tanaka, S. and Kurasawa, K. (1998) Quantitative analysis of aconitum alkaloids in the urine and serum of a male attempting suicide by oral intake of aconite extract. J. Anal. Toxicol. 22, 336-340. 

Aconitine, meaconitine, and hypaconitine are more potent than, and aconite extracts are equipotent to, hydrocortisone and infomethacin in inhibiting angiogenesis in chronic inflammation [92]. Aconitine stimulate the response to interferon-y-activated expression of MHC class II (la antigen) by macrophages, which is induced by increasing the plasma corticosterone level in mice [93]. 

Fig. (12). Main constituents of aconite and the neuromuscular blocking effect of aconite extract and its constituents in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm muscle preparation. The inhibition percentage of nerve-evoked twitch response is plotted against the log concentration (g/mL) of each constituent. The values represent means S.E.M. (n = 3-10).

Goncharova and Khomenko [339] have described a column chromatographic method for the determination of acetic, propionic and butyric acids in seawater and thin layer chromatographic methods for determining lactic, aconitic, malonic, oxalic, tartaric, citric and malic acids. The pH of the sample is adjusted to 8-9 with sodium hydroxide solution. It is then evaporated almost to dryness at 50-60°C and the residue washed on a filter paper with water acidified with hydrochloric acid. The pH of the resulting solution is adjusted to 2-3 with hydrochloric acid (1 1), the organic acids are extracted into butanol, then back-extracted into sodium hydroxide solution this solution is concentrated to 0.5-0.7ml, acidified, and the acids separated on a chromatographic column. 

Three separate and distinct methods have been utilized for the determination of aconitic acid in sugar cane and/or sorghum products. One involves the extraction of aconitic acid from the sample with an organic solvent, the second is based upon the decarboxylation of aconitic acid while the third employs the polarographic technique.5 ... 

The first of these, utilized by Yoder, McCalip and Seibert,34 and by Balch, Broeg and Ambler,37 provides for the extraction of the aconitic acid from the sample being investigated, usually with diethyl ether, and the subsequent isolation of the acid from the solvent. In dealing with solid samples, e.g. alkaline earth aconitates, evaporator scale, etc., the prescribed procedure is to dissolve the material in aqueous mineral acid and to extract the acid solution exhaustively with ether. The ether extract is then evaporated under reduced pressure, the dried residue titrated with standard alkali and the titratable acid calculated as aconitic acid. In dealing with such solid samples it is often necessary to make an additional determination for oxalic acid which otherwise would be assumed to be aconitic acid.37 The aconitic acid in liquid samples is usually precipitated as the insoluble lead salt which is separated and treated as any other solid sample. In some cases this procedure is unnecessary and the liquid samples are merely acidified with a mineral acid and then extracted with ether.37 This method for the determination of aconitic acid, however, requires a considerable amount of time and is further complicated by the interference of ether-soluble waxes and non-volatile acids. 

Acetone was first rejected because of its complete miscibility with water but was found to be the best on all counts when it was used with solutions above 50% total solids because of the salting-out effect. Thus, the first molasses, diluted to 75% total solids, can be extracted in a counter-current extractor with one-half as much acetone by volume. The partition coefficient for aconitic acid may be over 4 to 1 in favor of acetone. The acetone extract layer contains a little water, and when the acetone is distilled off, a semisolid residue is left. 

Ext, Aconitl Fuldum (fluldextract of aconite root) Used In treating rheumatism, gout, and neuralgia. Also used as a basis for other aconite preparations (abstracts, plasters, extracts, liniments, etc.)... 

Acids. Precantions in Tostiog. 71 Acids, Table of EqidTalenU [Pg.356]

Fluid Extruct of Acouite LeuTeM574 Fluid Kxtract of Yellow-Bark. 4577 Fluid Extract of Aconite-root.4575 Fluid Measures, GraU. ated. ..5957... 

Aconitic Acid, C3H3(COOH)3, is an example of an unsaturated tribasic acid. It occurs in the juice extracted from sugar-cane. It is prepared by heating citric acid at 175°. Nascent hydrogen converts the acid into tricarballylic acid. These changes are clear from the following formulas —... 

Crude extracts from peony root, licorice root, Atractylodes lance a rhizome, and aconite root are traditionally prescribed in medicine clinically to relieve muscle pain and to cure tremors in neuromyopathy. Different kampo preparations include crude extracts from (1) peony and licorice roots (Shakuyaku-kanzo-to), (2) peony, licorice, and aconite roots (Shaku-kan-bushi-to), (3) peony, licorice, ginger roots, cassia cortex, and jujube fruit (Keishi-to), and (4) peony, licorice, aconite, ginger root, Atractylodes lancea rhizome, cassia cortex, and jujube fruit (Keishi-ka-jutubu-to). The main bioactive compounds derived from peony root, licorice root. 

A review of case reports of poisoning from various species of aconite indicated that the risk of poisoning is higher with inadequately processed aconite root, improperly prepared extracts (i.e., patients not boiling root as long as directed when making decoctions), large doses, and alcohol-based extracts (Lin et al. 2004). 

A decrease in urine taurine and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and increase in urine citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, and hippurate were observed in rats administered an aqueous extract of prepared Sichuan aconite at a dose of 18, 36, or 88 g/kg daily for 14 days (Li et al. 2008). 

Equex T. See TEA-lauryl sulfate Equisetic acid. See Aconitic acid Equisetum arvense Equisetum arvense extract. See Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) extract Erbia. See Erbium oxide Erbium... 

Aconitic acid p-Aminophenol Apple (Pyrus malus) extract Astaxanthin Benzene phosphinic acid... 

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