Acids immobile

Fig. 5-4. (a) Separation of d,1-phenylalanine by an amino acid immobilized in the pores of a polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane, (b) Effect of volume flux on the separation factor, Jv = volume flux, T = 37 °C [32]. 

The on-column synthesis approach was also explored, followed by in situ purification of the products for the glycosylation reactions using trichloroacetimidates. The authors primed the top of a standard silica chromatography column with perchloric acid immobilized on silica. After charging both reactants, dissolved in dry CH2C12, onto the... 

B. Roy and B. Mukhopadhyay, Sulfuric acid immobilized on silica An excellent catalyst for Fischer type glycosylation, Tetrahedron Lett., 48 (2007) 3783-3787. 

Lactic acid Immobilized lactate oxidase, luminol-H202 CL 5 mg/L 104... 

Nucleic acids. Immobilized polynucleotides can be used to extract nucleic acid binding proteins as well as complementary strands of nucleic acids. 

Electrolyte Ion Exchange Membranes Mobilized or Immobilized Potassium Hydroxide Immobilized Liquid Phosphoric Acid Immobilized Liquid Molten Carbonate Ceramic Ceramic... 

A typical DNA array fabrication and application process involves three major steps. First, nucleic acids (the capture sequences or probes) are immobilized at discrete positions on surface activated substrates. Secondly, the resulting array is hybridized with a complex mixture of fluorescently labelled nucleic acids (the target), and thirdly subsequent to hybridization, the fluorescent markers are detected using a high-resolution scanning laser that quantifies the interaction. This chapter focuses on the first of these processes and provides the reader with an overview of substrates, surface activation methods and dehvery systems available for nucleic acid immobilization. 

B16 melanoma, Walker sarcoma, and M5076 forming liver metastasis have been used in the preclinical evaluation of HPMA copolymer-adriamydn conjugates [36]. Other tumors useful for secondary screening are MS-2 sarcoma, NMU-1 murine lung adenocarcinoma, and murine adenocarcinoma Colon 26. These have been used by Zunino et al. [147] to determine the activity of poly (carboxylic acid) immobilized anthracyclines. Mice inoculated intramuscularly with Lewis lung carcinoma have been used by Pratesi et al. [215] to assess the effect of a poly-L-aspartic acid/doxorubicin conjugate. 

J. Wang, X. Cai, G. Rivas, H. Shiraishi and N. Dontha, Nucleic-acid immobilization, recognition and detection at chronopotentiometric DNA chips, Biosens. Bioelectron., 12 (1997) 587-599. 

Regardless of the type of immobilization, it is now clear that the local environment of the immobilized nucleic acids is a key determinant of their binding activity [5,6]. Optimization of nucleic acid immobilization chemistry can concurrently alter the sensitivity and speed of the particular sensor methodology. Factors such as immobilization density [5,6], interaction with the substrate [7,8] probe nature [2,4,5,9] and sample processing have been demonstrated to have direct effects on the analytical figures of merit. 

Fiebig, D. M. 1997. Microbiological turnover of amino acids immobilized from groundwater discharged through hyporheic sediments. Limnology and Oceanography 42 763-768. 

Carbonic anhydrase, myoglobin, amylase, trypsinogen, ribonuclease A, chymotrypsi-nogen A, mesityl oxide Polyaspartic acid immobilized on the capillary wall Salt or pH gradient elution in phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) or isocratic elution with 100 mM NaCl in 10 mM phosphate (pH 6-8) 400 mm x 75 pm i.d. 250 mm active length... 

Nucleic acid immobilization including preliminary adsorption and desorption studies and then covalent binding... 

Acetylboswellic acid (immobilized) (triterpene) Boswellia serrata (frankincense) (Burseraceae) [gum resin] TOPI [71 nM] (TOPII)... 

The quality and reliability of microarray results largely depend on the quality and consistency of both the substrate and the reagents used to manufacture and process the arrays, but also on the considerable variation in the experimentalist s skills. A number of different substances have been tested as the solid support for nucleic acid immobilization [7,8], but glass slides are generally favored for DNA and oligonucleotide microarrays [9-11]. Optimal... 

The nucleic acid immobilization chemistry involved is detailed and presented together with the bead arraying or the bead immobilization systems, respectively. 

Fig. 2 Nucleic acid immobilization, (a) Immobilization of 5 -amino-C6 modified probes onto amino modified beads, (b) Grafting of biotinylated probes after the immobilization of avidin via reductive amination onto sepharose beads (3 xm)...

Fig. 4 Nucleic acid immobilization. Immobilization of 5 -amino-C6 modified probes onto (a) carboxylate modified latex beads (1 im) via carbodiimide reaction and (b) Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) activated Sepharose beads (100 un). (0 cyclic structure, e.g. dicyclo-hexylcarbodiimide)...

Fig. 5 Nucleic acid immobilization onto (a) silica 60 nm particles, (b) amino terminated 0.31 xm latex beads and (c) poly(T) modified Dynabeads . MPTS 3-mercapto-propyltrimethoxysilane. (

Fig. 9 Nucleic acid immobilization onto (a) gold nanoparticles via thiolated probe, (b) 10 nm silica beads via glutaraldehyde reaction...

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