Ester manufacture

The bottoms from the solvent recovery (or a2eotropic dehydration column) are fed to the foremns column where acetic acid, some acryflc acid, and final traces of water are removed overhead. The overhead mixture is sent to an acetic acid purification column where a technical grade of acetic acid suitable for ester manufacture is recovered as a by-product. The bottoms from the acetic acid recovery column are recycled to the reflux to the foremns column. The bottoms from the foremns column are fed to the product column where the glacial acryflc acid of commerce is taken overhead. Bottoms from the product column are stripped to recover acryflc acid values and the high boilers are burned. The principal losses of acryflc acid in this process are to the aqueous raffinate and to the aqueous layer from the dehydration column and to dimeri2ation of acryflc acid to 3-acryloxypropionic acid. If necessary, the product column bottoms stripper may include provision for a short-contact-time cracker to crack this dimer back to acryflc acid (60). 

Organophosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluids. Organophosphate esters are made by condensing an alcohol (aryl or alkyl) with phosphorus oxychloride in the presence of a metal catalyst (Muir 1984) to produce trialkyl, tri(alkyl/aryl), or triaryl phosphates. For the aryl phosphates, phenol or mixtures of alkylated phenols (e.g., isobutylated phenol, a mixture of several /-butylphenols) are used as the starting alcohols to produce potentially very complex mixtures of organophosphate esters. Some phosphate esters (e.g., tricresyl and trixylyl phosphates) are made from phenolic mixtures such as cresylic acid, which is a complex mixture of many phenolic compounds. The composition of these phenols varies with the source of the cresylic acid, as does the resultant phosphate ester. The phosphate esters manufactured from alkylated phenylated phenols are expected to have less batch-to-batch variations than the cresylic acid derived phosphate esters. The differences in physical properties between different manufacturers of the same phosphate ester are expected to be larger than batch-to-batch variations within one manufacturer. 

Used industrially as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of esters, manufacture of varnish, as a tanning agent, and as a food additive (flavor). 

Phosphate conversion coatings, 18 829 Phosphated flour, 26 283 Phosphate drilling mud thinners, 9 16t Phosphate ester additives, 11 500 Phosphate esters, manufacture of, 19 51 Phosphate fertilizers, 11 111, 117-122, 125, 127 23 590... 

Iodoethoxy)-2-ethylpropionic acid ethyl ester Manufacturing Process... 

Ester manufacture is a relatively simple process in which the alcohol and an acid are heated together in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst, and the reaction is driven to completion by removing the products as formed (usually by distillation) and employing an excess of one of the reagents. In the case of ethyl acetate, esterification takes place in a column that takes a ternary azeotrope. Alcohol can be added to the condensed overhead liquid to wash out the alcohol, which is then purified by distillation and returned to the column to react. 

The bottoms from the solvent recovery (or azeotropic dehydration column) are fed to the foreruns column where acetic acid, some acrylic acid, and final traces of water are removed overhead The overhead mixture is sent to an acetic acid purification column where a technical grade of acetic acid suitable for ester manufacture is recovered as a by-product. The bottoms from the acetic acid recovery column are recycled to the reflux to the foreruns column. 

B. Freedman, Methyl Ester—Manufacture and Utilization, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois,. ... 

B. Freedman, Methyl Esters—Manufacture and Utilization, USDA. 

Alkaline hydrolysis of formate and halo-substituted acetic acid ester manufacture of cyclohexanone oxime manufacture of dithiocarbamate , alkylation of isobutane with butenes and of toluene and xylenes with acetaldehyde (or acetylene) nitration of toluene extraction of metals. 

Other than the esters described, the principal organic cellulose ester manufactured is cellulose acetate acid phthalate. This product is insoluble in aqueous acidic media, but because of the free acid groups present in the pendant groups, it is soluble in aqueous basic media. It is used for enteric pill coatings. 

MAJOR USES Used as a solvent for fats, waxes, greases and ester manufacture of pesticides cleaning fluid for textiles purification of oils and gasoline paints varnishes. 

Eastman Chemical uses this route in their coal to chemicals facility in Kingsport, Tennessee. By-product acetic acid from downstream cellulose esters manufacture is used to react with methanol to form the methyl acetate reactant [13]. An alternative scheme when by-product acetic acid is... 

Acronal Dispersions based on uni- and copolymers of acrylic esters. Manufactured by BASF, Germany. 

Stein, W., Baumann, H., Alpha-sulfonated fatty acids and ester Manufacturing process, properties and applications, JAOCS, 52, 323-329, 1975. 

In addition, Tate Lyle is marketing an ester in the United Kingdom, and there are small amounts of sugar esters manufactured by other processes that are marketed in some other countries, particularly in Belgium, Holland and Germany. But, these are minor. As far as I know, there are no sales in Italy, the United States and Canada. In other countries of the world,... 

Ethanol 50-75 176 80 — — E E 2-5% Diethyl Ether, 05-0.2 H SO. Balance primarily water. Phthalate ester manufacturing. Agitation, by 1100 Ib./hr. flow, total days 146. 

F. Methyl acetate production. Methanol made from synthesis gas is reacted with by-product acetic acid from cellulose esters manufacturing to form methyl acetate in an Eastman patented process (U.S. Patent 4,435,595). The principal component of this process is a reactor-distillation column in which acetic acid and methanol flow counter-currently, reacting and flashing at each stage. The acetic acid serves the dual functions of reactant and extractive agent to remove water and methanol from their methyl acetate azeotropes. 

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