Acid rain in Europe

The politics of acid rain in Europe are complicated by the large number of countries that are involved. At one level, acid rain politics in Europe have been a matter of inter-state negotiation among a large number of European states, Canada, the United States, and the Russian Federation. Much of the legislation governing acid rain in Europe has been formulated through the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. This means that at times... 

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) played an important role in raising public awareness of acid rain in Europe and in lobbying governments to... 

Wetstone, Gregory, and Rosencranz, Armin. (1983). Acid Rain in Europe and North America, Environmental Law Institute Washington, D.C. 

Fig. 2.4 (a) Acid rain in Europe changes in pollution for 1900-1980 (Van Eijnsbergen, personal communication), (b) Geographical... 

Municipal incinerators are often targeted as a primary cause of acid rain. In fact, power plants burning fossil fuels, which produce sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, are actually the leading cause of acid rain, along with automotive exhaust (176,177). In Europe and Japan, studies show that only about 0.02% of all acid rain can be traced to incineration of PVC (178). 

In a relatively small continental area such as Europe, there is not much difference between what would be considered the regional scale and the continental scale. However, on most other continents there would be a difference between what is considered regional and what continental. Perhaps of greatest concern on the continental scale is that the air pollution policies of a nation are likely to create impacts on neighboring nations. Acid rain in Scandanavia has been considered to have had impacts from Great Britain and Western Europe. Japan has considered that part of their air pollution problem, especially in the western part of the country, has origins in China and Korea. Cooperation in the examination of the North American acid rain problem has existed for a long time between Canada and the United States. 

The chemical composition of acid rain in China is generally different from that in Europe, with a lower pH value and a higher sulfate, calcium and ammonium... 

Acid Rain in a Wider Europe The Post-Communist Transition and the Future European Acid Rain Policies... 

The focus of this study has inevitably been on the acid rain phenomenon in the context of Europe/ but it is not limited to the European Community since emissions arising from within the Member States have an effect beyond it, and vice versa. However/ the occurrence of acid rain in North America means that many of... 

Britain obviously survived a century of acid rain, so why the concern today The problem currently facing eastern North America and western Europe differs in several crucial respects from Britain s bout with acid rain in the 19th century. British soil is rich in limestone and other alkaline minerals that neutralize acidity as soon as it hits the ground (the chalk cliffs of Dover are a famous example). Britain is thus immune to many of the long-... 

The usage pattern in Europe and Japan is more dependent upon the automotive industry. However, with the recent concern about acid rain, the European and U.S. markets should show increased interest in fluorocarbon elastomers for pollution control appHcations. On the other hand, the Japanese market has a sizable outlet in electrical and general machinery manufacturing (eg, copiers). Petroleum appHcations are of Htfle interest outside the United States. 

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