Acetylenics butadiene

Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane or other petroleum gases, sodium carbide, turpentine, benzene, or finely-divided metals Water... 

Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane or other petroleum gases,... 

High-temperature flow-reactor studies [60,61] on benzene oxidation revealed a sequence of intermediates that followed the order phenol, cyclopentadiene, vinyl acetylene, butadiene, ethene, and acetylene. Since the sampling techniques used in these experiments could not distinguish unstable species, the intermediates could have been radicals that reacted to form a stable compound, most likely by hydrogen addition in the sampling probe. The relative time order of the maximum concentrations, while not the only criterion for establishing a mechanism, has been helpful in the modeling of many oxidation systems [4,13]. 

The following by-products are excellent coke precursors acetylene, butadiene and other conjugated dienes, and aromatics. These compounds are produced mainly in the latter stages of pyrolysis. The following chemical sequences produce coke ... 

Mechanism 3 has, as a first step, reactions between surface radicals on the coke and the acetylene, butadiene, and gaseous free radicals reactions probably also occur with ethylene and propylene. Reactions with gaseous free radicals were discussed earlier as a termination step in the gas-phase reactions. When acetylene reacts with the surface radicals, aromatic structures are formed on the surface. When the C—H bonds on the surface later break, graphitic coke is formed. The cokes produced by both Mechanisms 1 and 3 tends to be highly graphitic. Microscopic photographs have shown that Mechanism 3 thickens filamentous coke and causes spherical coke particles formed by Mechanism 2 to grow in diameter. 

Fig. 15.2. Perspective drawings of the transition state structures of the [4+2]-cycloadditions ethene + butadiene —> cyclohexene and acetylene + butadiene — 1,4-cyclohexadiene.

As a selective solvent for acetylene, butadiene, acid gases, inorganic salts and certain constituents of petroleum. 

Production of Coke and Other Pyrolysis Products From Acetylene, Butadiene, and Benzene in Various Tubular Reactors... 

Thermal reactions of acetylene, butadiene, and benzene result in the production of coke, liquid products, and various gaseous products at temperatures varying from 4500 to 800°C. The relative ratios of these products and the conversions of the feed hydrocarbon were significantly affected in many cases by the materials of construction and by the past history of the tubular reactor used. Higher conversions of acetylene and benzene occurred in the Incoloy 800 reactor than in either the aluminized Incoloy 800 or the Vycor glass reactor. Butadiene conversions were similar in all reactors. The coke that formed on Incoloy 800 from acetylene catalyzed additional coke formation. Methods are suggested for decreasing the rates of coke production in commercial pyrolysis furnaces. 

The composition and temperature profiles in low-pressure fuel-rich flames of ethylene oxide have been studied by Bradley et al. [65]. The major products were carbon monoxide, hydrogen, ethylene, methane, acetylene, butadiene and vinylacetylene, with traces of propene and propane. The unsaturated products were formed marginally later than the others, and ethane showed a maximum which coincided with the almost complete removal of fuel and oxygen. Acetylene and vinylacetylene continued to increase above the flame, although other products remained constant. 

Use Solvent for vinyl resins and acetylene, butadiene, acid gases poly acrylic fibers catalyst in car-boxylation reactions organic synthesis carrier for gases. 

Bromine with ammonia acetylene butadiene, butane, hydrogen sodium carbide, turpentine, or iinely divided metals. 

Chlorine with ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, benzene and other petroleum fractions, hydrogen, sodium carbides, turpentine and finely divided powdered metals. 

Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, propane (or other petroleum gases), hydrogen, sodium carbide, benzene, finely divided metals, turpentine Ammonia, methane, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide Acetylene, hydrogen peroxide Acids (organic or inorganic)... 

Thermoplastic polymers were also earlier reported to have been prepared by heating tricyclodecane dithiol with terephthaloyl chloride in a chlorinated solvent [16b]. Additional examples are cited for polythioesters based on bis-phenol A and random other polythioesters derived from bicyclic thiols. The starting diolefins for the dithols are prepared by the Diels-Alder synthesis using cyclopentadiene, acetylene, butadiene, etc. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. On decomp., emits toxic fumes of NO, NEPA Health 1, Flammability 2, Reactivity 0 Storage Store In cool, dry, well-ventilated area, out of direct sunlight Uses Solvent for llqs., gases. In vinyl resins, acetylene, butadiene, acid gases, paints, paint strippers, cleaners, zinc electroplating, acrylic fiber spinning, pharmaceuticals mfg. of polyacrylic fibers, butadiene. 

Several processes starting from acetylene, butadiene, maleic anhydride or propylene have been recently developped for the production of butanediol. Various possibilities are shown on Figure... 

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