Acetyl chloride test

Acetyl chloride test. In a small, dry test-tube treat 0 -5 ml. of the compound with 0-3-0-4 ml. of redistUled acetyl chloride and note whether reaction occurs. Add 3 ml. of water and neutralise the aqueous layer with solid sodium bicarbonate. Look for a product different from the original alcohol. 

Benzoyl chloride test. (This is an alternative to the acetyl chloride test.) Place I ml. of the compound, 0 5 ml. of redistilled benzoyl chloride CAUTION in handling) and 2-5 ml. of 10 per cent, aqueous sodium hydroxide in a small test-tube, cork the tube and shake vigorously until the odour of benzoyl chloride has disappeared. Observe the odour, density and other obvious properties of the product. 

This is another reason why aldehydes, ketones and esters must be tested for in the order already given, and why it is necessary to employ IxAh the sodium and acetyl chloride teste. 

Primary and secondary amines give a positive acetyl chloride test result (liberation of heat). This test is described for alcohols in Experiment 52H. Cautiously add... 

The acetyl derivatives are most often used for the preparation of derivatives of primary and secondary amines. Often they may be isolated in connection tvith the acetyl chloride test for amines (page 144) but usually it is best to prepare them from acetic anhydride. The reaction mixture is poured into water, warmed to decompose the excess of anhydride, cooled, and filtered. The product may be crystallized from water or dilute alcohol. 

N.B. In all these reactions acetyl chloride reacts with much greater vigour than the other compounds, and accordingly tests with this substance must be carried out toith extreme care. 

Acetyl chloride frequently contains 1—2% by weight of acetic acid or hydrochloric acid. Phosphoms or sulfur-containing acids may also be present in the commercial material. A simple test for purity involves addition of a few drops of Crystal Violet solution in CHCl. Pure acetyl chloride will retain the color for as long as 10 min, but hydrochloric, sulfuric, or acetic acid will cause the solution to become first green, then yellow (34). 

It is probable that the test of Wolski88 for sulphoxides depends on the first reaction. He used acetyl chloride or bromide the product from the former gave a red colour with nitrite ion, absorption maximum at 545 nm, and the latter gave a yellowish-orange colour directly. The method was used also by Besyadetskaya and colleagues89 to determine dimethyl sulphoxide in ointments. 

Solvolytic experiments specifically designed to test Bartell s theory were carried out by Karabatsos et al. (1967), who were primarily interested in an assessment of the relative contributions of hyperconjugation and non-bonded interactions to secondary kinetic isotope effects. Model calculations of the (steric) isotope effect in the reaction 2- 3 were performed, as well as that in the solvolyses of acetyl chloride... 

As a kind of specialty solutions for the real hard cases where fouling is intense and unavoidable, IMM first proposed ideas to develop special micro mixers for fouling-intense reactions and conducted feasibility tests, among them very fast organic reactions with spontaneous precipitation such as the amidation of acetyl chloride in THF [134]. The Forschimgszentrum Karlsruhe developed special anti-foul-ing coatings in cooperation with partners [135]. 

Experiment (a).—Gradually pour 0-5 c.c. of acetyl chloride into a test tube containing 2 c.c. of water. If the water is very cold drops of the chloride may be seen to sink in the water without mixing. 

Experiment (c).—An equal volume of acetyl chloride is added drop by drop to 1 c.c. of alcohol in a test tube which is cooled in water. The mixture is then treated, while similarly cooled, with an equal volume of water and is carefully made slightly alkaline with sodium hydroxide. If a mobile layer of fragrant ethyl acetate fails to appear, finely powdered common salt is added until no more dissolves. This treatment causes the separation of the ethyl acetate. 

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