Acetone dimethylsulfoxide mixture

Numerous works have been cited that use normal-phase silica columns and isocratic mixtures of solvents such as acetone/ligroin (20 80, v/v) for the quantification of chlorophylls and derivatives in phytoplankton [223], or iso-octane/98% ethanol (9 1, v/v) in spinach [224]. Watanabe et al. [225] separated chlorophylls and pheophytins using the isocratic mixture 2-propanol/n-hexane (3 97, v/v). This method yields chlorophylls with levels of purity above 99%. Abaychi and Riley [226], using the mixture petroleum ether/acetone/dimethylsulfoxide/diethylamine (75 23.25 1.5 0.25, v/v) as mobile phase, detected and quantified 16 pigments of chlorophylls, derivatives, and carotenoids. 

A mixture of tetracyanodibenzo-[l,4,7,10-tatrathia-12-crown] (1) (0.050 g, 0.115 mmol), 4-nitrophthalonitrile (2) (0.150 g, 0.690 mmol) and zinc(ll) acetate (0.050 g, 0.230 mmol) was refluxed in amyl alcohol under argon for 6 h (Scheme 42.1). The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature and precipitated by adding methanol. After filtration, the product was washed with methanol, chloroform and acetone. This compound was soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimeth-ylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). 

The variation of AH°t vs. Z shown in Figure 4 is similar to the corresponding function for the same electrolyte in water-dimethylsulfoxide (14) or various water-amide mixtures (IS) so even large errors (of the order of one or two kcal mol-1) on the estimated values of AG°t and TAS°t for the transfer from water to pure acetone should not change the shape of the curves and the main qualitative results which can be deduced from them. 

To a solution of 40 g (1.0 moles) of sodium hydroxide in 500 ml of methanol was added 242 g (l.Omoles) of 2.6-dichloro-4-bromophenol. The pH was adjusted between 9.0 and 10.0 (preferably 9.5) by means of one or another of the reactants. The pH was determined by diluting a 2.5 g aliquot with 100 ml of 50% aqueous methanol. The alcohol and water were removed by distillation, fn a one liter round bottom flask there was introduced 100 g of the sodium salt of 2.6-dichloro-4-bromophenol, 350 ml of chlorobenzene and 40 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide. The mixture was agitated until the salt was in solution then immediately there was added 26 ml of dimethylsulfoxide. A suspension forms. The air was removed by alternate evacuation and introduction of nitrogen then there was added 1.0 g of benzoyl peroxide dissolved in 10 ml of toluene. The mixture was stirred for 80 min at 29—33° C then for 5 hours at 54—59° C. The formation of polymer was indicated by the disappearance of the particles of the suspension and an increase in the viscosity of the solution. The polymer was isolated by precipitation into acetone. After filtration the polymer was washed thoroughly with water, then with acetone and then dried at 100° C. There was obtained 60 g (theoretical) of poly-(2.6-dichloro-1.4-phenylene ether). 

Summary HNS is prepared by reacting TNT with sodium benzoate in the presence of DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide). The reaction is carried out in the presence of dry excess oxygen to ensure quality. After the reaction mixture has been stirred for some time, the mixture is treated with cold water to precipitate the crude HNS. The cmde HNS is then washed with methanol and acetone to dissolve impurities. Commercial Industrial Note Part or parts of this laboratory process may be protected by international, and/or commercial/industrial processes. Before using this process to legally manufacture the mentioned explosive, with intent to sell, consult any protected commercial or industrial processes related to, similar to, or additional to, the process discussed in this procedure. This process may be used to legally prepare the mentioned explosive for laboratory, educational, or research purposes. 

Alumina was studied in aqueous alcohols [925], aqueous dioxane [666,963], aqueous dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), aqueous glycerol, and aqueous heavy water [963]. Fe2O3 was studied in aqueous alcohols [1375,1386,1434,1456], aqueous dioxane [1388], and aqueous DMSO [1411]. Goethite was studied in aqueous acetone and aqueous methanol [1521]. Silica was studied in aqueous alcohols [1838, 1910,1911] and in other water-organic mixtures [1838]. Silica capillary was studied by electro-osmosis in 50 50 mixtures of organic solvents with water in the presence of a phosphate buffer [2927]. Surface charging of silica in mixed solvents is reviewed in [3110]. Titania was studied in aqueous alcohols [220,550,1986, 1988,2059,2115], aqueous dioxane [666,963], aqueous DMSO, aqueous glycerol, and aqueous heavy water [963]. Yttria was studied in aqueous alcohols [220]. 

Precipitant infusion techniques similar to those described for NaN3 have also been applied to Ba(N3)2. Using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), as a solvent, Radi [13] grew anhydrous crystals by allowing acetone to diffuse into a saturated DMSO-Ba(N3)2 solution. Alternatively, a mixture of 90 parts DMSO to 10 parts water saturated with Ba(N3)2 can be cooled slowly or put in a drying vessel to remove the water slowly. 

Here Y denotes a general bulk property, Tw that of pure water and Ys that of the pure co-solvent, and the y, are listed coefficients, generally up to i=3 being required. Annotated data are provided in (Marcus 2002) for the viscosity rj, relative permittivity r, refractive index (at the sodium D-line) d. excess molar Gibbs energy G, excess molar enthalpy excess molar isobaric heat capacity Cp, excess molar volume V, isobaric expansibility ap, adiabatic compressibility ks, and surface tension Y of aqueous mixtures with many co-solvents. These include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol (tert-butanol), 1,2-ethanediol, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, pyridine, acetone, acetonitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide and a few others. 

The organic solvents are applied in many cases in order to enhance the separation selectivity by changing the effective mobilities of the analytes. They are either applied as pure solvents, or as nonaqueous mixtures, or as constituents of mixed aqueous-organic systems. Solvents used for CE, as described in the literature, are methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, forma-mide, A-methylformamide, A, A -dimethylformamide, A,A-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, acetone, ethylacetate, and 2,2,2- trifluoroethanol. 

N-Methylpyrroles react with tetracyanoethylene in various solvents (acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)) nonselectively to form mixtures of 3-, 4-, and 5-tricyanovinylpyrroles (Scheme 2.31, Table 2.3) [448,449]. However, in the presence CuBr-LiBr complex (soluble in THF), the reaction proceeds regioselectively to give exclusively the products of tricyanovinylation at a-position of the pyrrole ring [448]. 

The solubility of the copolymer decreased markedly as the chromophore content increased. BPA rich copolymers were soluble in methylene chloride/acetone mixtures. Copolyformals of 25 to 50 mol% 1 (x = 0.75, 0.5) were soluble in tetrahydrofiiran and methylene chloride. Copol ormals of higher chromophore content partially soluble in tetrahydrofuran but a stronger solvent such as hot dimethylsulfoxide was needed to dissolve the homopolymer of 1. 

The polymer was stirred in dimethylsulfoxide with 3.00 g. of sodium bicarbonate at 155 OC for 6 hrs. The resin was then collected on a glass filter, washed with dimethylsulfoxide, hot water and 2 1 mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water then subsequently rinsed with 1,4-dioxane, acetone, ethanol, methylene chloride and benzene. The resulting product was dried under vacuum. The chloride content in the resulting polymer was determined by modified Volhard method. 

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