Acetic anhydride reaction with water

The important chemical properties of acetyl chloride, CH COCl, were described ia the 1850s (10). Acetyl chloride was prepared by distilling a mixture of anhydrous sodium acetate [127-09-3J, C2H202Na, and phosphorous oxychloride [10025-87-3] POCl, and used it to interact with acetic acid yielding acetic anhydride. Acetyl chloride s violent reaction with water has been used to model Hquid-phase reactions. 

Organic Chlorides/Halides — Several organic compounds also are hydrolyzed (or react with water) to produce corrosive materials. Notable inclusions among these compounds are acetic anhydride ([CH3COJ2O), and acetyl chloride (CH3COCI), both of which produce acetic acid upon reaction with water. Both acetic anhydride and acetyl chloride are corrosive in addition, mixtures of the vapors of acetic anhydride and acetic acid are flammable in air, and acetyl chloride itself is flammable. 

Hydrochloric Acid. — 1 cc. of acetic anhydride diluted with BO c.c. of water, and acidulated with 5 cc. of nitric acid, should give no reaction with silver nitrate solution. 

Treatment of l-methyl-2-piperidone with phenylmagnesium bromide and subsequent reaction with acetic anhydride and then water gave the acetate 21 in small yield.139 This indicates that the salt of the carbinolamine form is an intermediate which, on liberation, affords the cyclic enamine in the five- and six-membered series, for steric reasons. 

However, Giersbach and Kessler [3] supposed that the initial step in the nitration reaction was the addition of two nitric acid molecules to a benzene molecule, Experimental evidence of the possibility of the formation of products from aromatic hydrocarbons by the addition of nitric acid was provided by Meisen-heimer [4]. He found that with anthracene the nitric acid molecule attached itself to the 9 and 10 carbons (of aliphatic character), yielding the product I, which in the presence of sodium hydroxide or acetic anhydride gave off water to form meso-nitroanthracene (II) ... 

Even with added iodide salt formation of the inactive [Rh(CO)2l4] can be a problem, since under anhydrous conditions this Rh(III) species cannot be reduced to the active [Rh(CO)2l2] by reaction with water. In the Eastman process, this problem is addressed by addition to the CO gas feed of some H2 which can reduce [Rh(CO)2l4] by the reverse of Equation 8. However, the added H2 does lead to some undesired by-products, particularly ethylidene diacetate (1,1-diacetoxyethane) which probably arises from the reaction of acetic anhydride with acetaldehyde (Equation 19 from hydrogenolysis of a rhodium acetyl) ... 

Acetic anhydride, like any anhydride, reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid. How then is it possible to carry out an acetylation in aqueous solution What is the purpose of the hydrochloric acid and the sodium acetate in this reaction ... 

From 5-chloroanthranilamide and succinic anhydride. Bell et prepared the diamide 86 and cyclized this in acetic anhydride at room temperature to the quinazoline 87. When heated in dimethylformamide and acetic anhydride on a water bath for 25 min, the quinazoline afforded the pyr-rolo[ 1,2-a]quinazoline 88, while on reaction for 45 min a 2 1 mixture of 88 and the isomeric pyrrolo[2,1 -()]quinazoline 89 was formed. The yield of the linearly fused product 89 rose with increasing reaction time and temperature. The quinazolinepropionic acid 87 was also generated directly from 5-chloroanthranilamide and succinic anhydride. 

RUBIDIUM HYDROXIDE (1310-82-3) RbOH Extremely basic substance more basic than potassium hydroxide. Extremely hygroscopic. Violent, exothermic reaction with water. Violent reaction with acids, acrylonitrile, glycidol, nitrobenzene, TNT. Exothermic decomposition with maleic anhydride. Hydrolyzes angiotonin. Incompatible with organic anhydrides, acrylates, alcohols, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, substituted allyls, cellulose nitrate, cresols, caprolactam solution, epichlorohydrin, ethylene dichloride, isocyanates, ketones, glycols, nitrates, phenols, vinyl acetate. Increases the explosive sensitivity of nitromethane. Reacts with nitroalkanes, forming explosive products. Attacks glass, metals, plastics, and mbbers. 

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