Acetic acid in soils

Ogram AV, RE Jessup, LT On, PSC Rao (1985) Effects of sorption on biological degradation rates of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid in soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 49 582-587. 

Supercritical fluid extraction with methanol modified carbon dioxide has been applied to the determination of acidic herbicides such as chlorophenoxy acetic acids in soil [262],... 

Many other compounds have been included in studies on sucrose response. Most of these have been herbicides or enzyme poisons. None of the common herbicides had any positive effect on sucrose at rates up to that causing severe foliar injury. Earlier reports of response from 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid and 2,2-dichloropropionic acid could not be substantiated in British Guiana and Queensland. 27 Some compounds, such as 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-l,l-dimethylurea (monuron), (2,4-dichloro-phenoxy) acetic acid in soil, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and leaf desiccants decreased sucrose and juice solids content. 20 Field trials with several chemicals in Trinidad showed enhanced sucrose at 14 to 28 days before harvest resulting from the application of 8 and 12 lb. (per acre) of... 

The performance of Bi-GECE was also tested for measuring lead and cadmium in tap water and acetic acid extracted soil sample and the results are shown in Procedure 7. 

In common with other sequential extraction procedures, the BCR scheme suffers from a degree of non-specificity (Whalley and Grant, 1994 Coetzee et d., 1995) and redistribution of analytes during extraction (Raksasataya et d., 1996). Some success in limiting lead redistribution by addition of cryptand 2.2.2 or nitriloacetic acid to the acetic acid in Step 1 has been reported, but the effectiveness of the complexing agent was found to be strongly dependent on the bulk composition of the model soil system studied (Raksasataya et d., 1997). 

Buffered (pH 7) 0.1 M ammonium acetate and 0.43 M acetic acid have also been adopted to extract soil plant-available PTMs (Burridge and Berrow, 1984 Ellis and Alloway, 1983 Haq etal, 1980 John etal, 1972 Merkel, 1996 Obrador et al, 2007 Sastre et al, 2004 Soon and Bates, 1982 Sterckeman et al, 1996). For both extractants, acetate complexation ability may contribute to increase the amounts of PTMs released (Adamo et al, 1996 McLaren and Crawford, 1973). Only for acetic acid, in addition to readily exchangeable, also specifically adsorbed and carbonate-bound metals are likely displaced by hydrogen ions (Berrow and Mitchell, 1980). Acetic acid could partially extract metals bound to organic matter (Paya-Perez et al, 1993) and associated with minerals (kaolinite, K-feldspars and ferrihdrite) (Whalley and Grant, 1994). 

The hydrated components (C-S-H, portlandite, sulfoaluminates) in the cement matrix of concrete are in equilibrium with the pore liquid that is characterized by a high pH, due to the presence of OH (balanced by Na and K ). When concrete comes into contact with acid solutions, these compounds may dissolve at a rate that depends on the permeability of the concrete, the concentration and the type of acid. In soil with acidic ground water, the rate of refreshing is important Acids that can attack concrete are sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, organic acids such as acetic acid and humic adds and solutions of CO2. The rate of attack on the cement matrix depends on the solubility of the salts that are formed... 

Historically, simple phenolic acids have been the most frequently identified allelopathic agents (see literature reviews by Rice 1974, 1979, 1983, 1984, 1986). One would assume this was partly because of the fact that the necessary technology to isolate, identify, and quantify phenolic acids, even though crude in the early days, was readily available to most researchers. Furthermore, simple phenolic acids, such as the benzoic acid and cinnamic acid derivatives serve a variety of plant and ecosystem functions and are widespread in higher plants (Fig. 2.4 Bates-Smith 1956 Harborne 1982,1990 Goodwin and Mercer 1983 Siqueira et al. 1991). The ubiquitous distribution in nature and their apparent rapid turnover rates in soils, however, have lead to some controversy as to the importance of phenolic acids in plant-plant allelopathic interactions (Schmidt 1988 Schmidt and Ley 1999 Blum 2004, 2006). Finally, the behavior of phenolic acids in soil systems are somewhat similar to the behavior of a whole host of other organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, butyric acid, citric acid, formic acid, fiimaric acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, tannic acids and tartaric... 

LYNCH J.M. 1978. Production and phytotoxicity of acetic acid in anaerobic soils containing plant residues. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, JO,... 

Traditional methods for the extraction of methylmercury from soil and sediment involve water vapour or vacuum distillation ° besides acid leaching procedures, that were introduced in the late 1960s. Here, microwave-assisted extraction has also been very successful methylmercury is extracted from sediments using acetic acid in less than 3 min. ... 

Chapter 6, by Drever and Vance, provides a useful overview of the distribution and significance of organic acids in soils. Low-molecular-mass acids (e.g., acetic, oxalic, formic) exist in dynamic balance within soils. They are rapidly produced and consumed by microorganisms. Concentrations of... 

Fulvic acid, a general term for a complex mixture of refractory polymeric compounds, is generally the dominant organic acid in soil solutions. A wide range of low-molecular-mass organic acids, most notably acetic, oxalic, and formic, are also present in soil solutions. The concentrations of these acids represent a dynamic balance between production and consumption by microbial processes. 

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