Ketones and Acetals

P.Y.173, an isoindolinone pigment, affords somewhat dull, greenish yellow shades. It shows average fastness to organic solvents, especially to alcohols (ethanol), esters (ethyl acetate), and ketones (including methylethylketone and cyclohexanone). Its solvent resistance equals step 3 on the 5 step scale. P.Y.173 is almost completely to completely fast to mineral spirits and xylene. 

Oxydipropionitrile Paraffins, cycloalkanes, olefines, ethers, alkylbenzenes, acetates, aldehydes, alcohols, acetals and ketones... 

Thioacetals. Aldehydes, ketones, or acetals, both cyclic and acyclic, can be converted into thioacetals by reaction with a thiol or dithiol and MgBr2 (2.1 equiv.) in ether at 25°. The difference in reactivity between acetals and ketones permits selective conversion of acetals into thioacetals without acetalization of a ketone. 

In addition to their reactions with trlmethylsilyl enol ethers, (propargyl1um)Co2(C0)g complexes react with a variety of other mild carbon nucleophiles including activated aromatic compounds, g-dicarbonyl compounds, other enol derivatives (enol acetates and ketones directly), allylsilanes, and alkyl- and alkynyl-aluminum reagents. These reactions provide a flexible means to introduce the synthetically versatile propargyl function. Key features of propargylations using these complexes are 1) ready... 

Another category of useful hquid-liquid extraction applications involves the recovery of antibiotics and other complex organics from fermentation broth by using a variety of ojq genated organic solvents such as acetates and ketones. Although some of these products are unstable at the required extraction conditions (particularly if pH must... 

Prochiral diketones or racemic ketones, like enol esters, are also amenable to a hydrolase-catalyzed asymmetric transformation. The enol acetates and ketones 63 and 64, respectively, may be obtained by Pseudomonas cepacia lipase-catalyzed and Candida cylindracea lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the corresponding racemic enol esters or prochiral bis enol ester, respectively, with high enantioselectivity and yield. 

The formation of acetals and ketones is again an equilibrium-driven process, which requires that the SCCO2 flushes water away from the catalyst active sites. This, coupled with the solubility is believed to be the driving force for the selectivity. 

A typical thiokol with 60 parts carbon black per 100 of polymer has a tensile strength of 1200 Ibf/in., an elongation of 300%, a specific gravity of 1.25, and a Shore A hardness of 68. Thiokol has excellent resistance to ozone (O3) and ultraviolet radiation. It has a low permeability to solvents, such as gasoline esters, such as ethyl acetate and ketones, such as acetone. 

Solvents. The solvent mixture has a large influence on the quality of the coated film. The solvent that evaporates last should be a solvent for all raw materials in the lacquer formulation. The most important active (true) solvents are acetate esters (e.g., ethyl, butyl, or propyl acetate) and ketones (e.g., acetone, methyl ethyl ketone,... 

Concentrated, oxidizing acids (such as nitric and sulfuric) and alcoholic alkalis which cause decomposition. Soluble in most aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons (such as toluene and chloroform), esters (ethyl acetate) and ketones. Plasticized by ester-type materials such as tritolyl phosphate and dibutyl phthalate swollen by alcohols, phenols, ether and carbon tetrachloride. Ethyl acetate can be used to detect strain. 

Poly(vinyl acetate) is soluble in a wide range of solvents. It is soluble at room temperature in aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene chlorinated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and dichloroethylene lower alcohols such as methanol and ethanol esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate and ketones such as acetone and methyl isobutyl ketone. The polymer is resistant to greases and oils. 

Isothiocyanatoacrylic esters R R C=C(C02Et)NCS are formed from a-isothiocyanato-acetates and -ketones via oxazoUdinc-2-thione anions in the presence of a base, and 2-siloxyalkyl or 2-siloxyphenyl isothiocyanates are formed thermally from N-silylated oxazolidine-2-thiones. ... 

Attempts to limit the addition of alcohol in order to observe and isolate a vinyl ether failed resulting in the isolation of the aUcyne and variable amounts of the acetal. This seems to suggest that the second alcohol addition to the platinum-bound vinyl ether is faster than the primary addition of alcohol to the alkyne. This peculiar behavior has been successfully applied into the oxy-functionalization of internal alkynes bearing one or two oxy-substituents, general formula A, Fig. 4, for the synthesis of spiroketals, acetals, and ketones [145]. 

---