Absorbing oxides

LOCAT units can be used for tail-gas clean-up from chemical or physical solvent processes. They can also be used directly as a gas sweetening unit by separating the absorber/oxidizer into two vessels. The regenerated solution is pumped to a high-pres.sure absorber to contact the gas. A light slurry of rich solution comes off the bottom of the absorber and flows to an atmospheric oxidizer tank where it is regenerated. A dense slurry is pumped off the base of the oxidizer to the melter and sulfur separator. 

The commercial production of NaN02 is achieved by absorbing oxides of nitrogen in aqueous Na2C03 solution ... 

Five enzymes are commonly employed as labeling enzymes in immunoassays. The most widely used is horseradish peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7), because of its high specific activity (4500 U/mg at 37 °C) and because this 40-kDa enzyme is relatively nonspecific for its secondary substrate. This means that a variety of reduced dyes may be used as substrates that are converted to their highly absorbing oxidized forms. Pyrogallol is often used as a substrate for this reaction (Eq. 6.10) ... 

UCC (up to kl%, pH-depend.) probably N-conj. (glue.) (27 ). Corresp. sulfoxide less well absorbed oxid. to sulfone (10 ) (.20). 

Onstream hours Fly ash loading Adipic acid concentration, ppm (controlled) Scrubber gas velocity, ft/sec Liquid-to-gas ratio, gal/Mcf Slurry solids concentration, wt % (controlled) Scrubber inlet pH (controlled) Oxidation tank level, ft Oxidation tank residence time, min Effluent hold tank residence time, min Average percent SO2 removal Average inlet SO2 concentration, ppm SO2 make-per-pass, m-moles/liter Percent oxidation of sulfite to sulfate Air stoichiometry, atoms oxygen/mole SO2 absorbed Oxidation tank pH Percent limestone utilization Scrubber inlet liquor gypsum saturation, % Filter cake solids content, wt % 1,688 High 1,300 1,700 5.4- 9.4 85 150 15 5.0- 5.1 18 2.8 8.3 93.4 2,660 4.0- 8.9 99.8 1.4- 2.4 4.9 92.6 93 86... 

Due to the weak mineralization of atmospheric waters and low concentration of hydrogen carbonates their neutralization capacity is very low. The pH value of atmospheric waters ranges from 5 to 6. Due to the absorbed oxides of sulphur and nitrogen (particularly in industrial zones) the pH values of atmospheric waters can be lower than 4. 

Although the tank in ballast voyage is filled with inert gas saturated with water vapor, the water vapor on condensation absorbs oxides of sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen to form various acids that attack the steel. 

It was generally assumed that oxidation products from oils and fats are poorly absorbed. Indeed, animals can be resistant to the effects of abused oils in their diet (29,30). Nevertheless, orally administered oxidized C-linoleic acid was incorporated into chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles in rats. The absorbed oxidation products were subsequently identified as hydroxy fatty acids (31). Interestingly, dietary glutathione (GSH) reduced the absorption of peroxidized linoleate (32), presumably due to the activity of selenium-dependrait GSH peroxidase present in the intestinal epithelial cell (33). However, these absorption studies used free fatty adds, not triglycerides thus, they cannot address the role of pancreatic lipase and phospholipase. The fate of polymerized fatty adds has not been studied specifically. Whether the intestinal flora could degrade fliese polymers and hence allow their absorption remains to be seen. What is clear is that very little is known about the absorption of oxidized fat in animals and even less in humans. 

Castanospermine was detected with a triple-pulsed technique, which kept the electrode activity constant (Fig. 8). Castanospermine was first oxidized at a low positive electrode potential (El), and the current from the oxidation was measured at the end of the pulse, after the disturbing charging current had decayed. Then the electrode surface was cleaned by a high positive potential (E2), which oxidized the electrode surface, leading to desorption of absorbed oxidation products. The surface oxides were subsequently dissolved by a large negative potential (E3) that restored the pure metal surface and thus the activity of the electrode surface. One cycle took less than 1 s. 

OXYCEL Absorbable oxidized cellulose Hemostat INTERGEED oxidized regenerated cellulose Absorbable Adhesion Barrier Becton-Dickinson. Inc. Ethicon, Inc. ... 

Figure 77. Flow diagram of the KEL chlorine proce.ss (simplified) a) Stripper b) Oxidizer c) Absorber-oxidizer d) Acid chiller e) Acid cooler f) Vacuum fla.sh evaporator... 

In the absorber-oxidizer, the rest of the hydrogen chloride is oxidized. Concentrated sulfuric acid is fed in at the top, reacts with the oxides of nitrogen to form nitrosyisuliiiric acid, absorbs the water that has formed, and is conducted back into the stripper ... 

The hot carbonate system has been promoted with organic materials, which not only increase the rate of CO2 hydrolysis, but also alter the equilibrium to lower the CO2 vapor pressure above the lean solvent. Because this process operates at a continuous high temperature, organic materials may degenerate to produce corrosive by-products therefore, a corrosion inhibitor usually is used in combination with the organic promoter. When H2S is being absorbed, oxidative-type inhibitors must be avoided because of the possible production of solid sulfur in the solution. 

The humidified gas flows into the JBR where it bubbles through a shallow zone of absorbent. Sulfur dioxide is absorbed, oxidized, and reacted with calcium ions to precipitate calcium sulfate and form a gypsum slurry. Make-up limestone is added as 20% slurry, air is blown into the bottom reactor zones of the JBR to enhance the oxidation reactions, and the product gypsum is continuously withdrawn as a slurry containing about 15% CaS04 2H2O. 

Absorber/Oxidizer (1) 69-ft diameter x 79-fi height 316L lower section... 

The liquid from the centrifuge flows into a clarifier from which settled particles are returned to the crystallizer, and clarified liquor (containing 0.7 to 1.0% sulforic acid) is returned to the absorber/oxidizer circuit The flow rate of the return stream is approximately 500 gpm. A small amount of the dilute acid is continuously purged from the system to prevent build-up of chlorides that could cause corrosion of stainless steel equipment. A chloride limit of 200 ppm has been specifred for the plant Hie catalyst, iron sulfate, is not a major... 

For Cu covered with a CU2O layer, electron transfer occurs at the oxide surface via surface states that accept the photoelectrons and transfer them at the same energy level to the empty states of the redox system (horizontal electron transfer). The photocurrent of passive Cu is diffusion limited for small redox concentrations of a few 0.0001 M and increases linearly with the concentration for small complex concentrations up to a constant level. It also increases with the thickness of the CU2O film due to the generation of more charge carriers for thicker light absorbing oxide layers. 

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