Sulfur solid

Handling and Storage of Solid Sulfur, Data Sheet 612, National Safety Council, 1991. 

In the second example of Section 12-3.1, we find H2S gas reacts with MnO to give solid sulfur and Mn+2 ... 

The electron configuration in the valence orbitals of the sulfur atom (3s 3p4) suggests that it will form two covalent bonds by making use of two half-filled 3p orbitals. This is, in fact, observed in the molecule S8, which is present in the common forms of solid sulfur. The S8 molecules assume the form of a puckered ring, as shown in Figure 20-3. As with the phosphorus, the stability of this crystalline form of sulfur is due to van der Waals forces between discrete molecules. 

L.21 Thiosulfate ions (S,0,2-) disproportionate in acidic solution to give solid sulfur (S) and hydrogen sulfite ion (HSO ) ... 

If the principal cohesive forces between solute molecules are London forces, then the best solvent is likely to be one that can mimic those forces. For example, a good solvent for nonpolar substances is the nonpolar liquid carbon disulfide, CS2-It is a far better solvent than water for sulfur because solid sulfur is a molecular solid of S8 molecules held together by London forces (Fig. 8.19). The sulfur molecules cannot penetrate into the strongly hydrogen-bonded structure of water, because they cannot replace those bonds with interactions of similar strength. 

Sulfur is widely distributed as sulfide ores, which include galena, PbS cinnabar, HgS iron pyrite, FeS, and sphalerite, ZnS (Fig. 15.11). Because these ores are so common, sulfur is a by-product of the extraction of a number of metals, especially copper. Sulfur is also found as deposits of the native element (called brimstone), which are formed by bacterial action on H,S. The low melting point of sulfur (115°C) is utilized in the Frasch process, in which superheated water is used to melt solid sulfur underground and compressed air pushes the resulting slurry to the surface. Sulfur is also commonly found in petroleum, and extracting it chemically has been made inexpensive and safe by the use of heterogeneous catalysts, particularly zeolites (see Section 13.14). One method used to remove sulfur in the form of H2S from petroleum and natural gas is the Claus process, in which some of the H2S is first oxidized to sulfur dioxide ... 

Molecular Spectra of Sulfur Molecules and Solid Sulfur Allotropes... 

Eckert B, Steudel R (2003) Molecular Spectra of Sulfur Molecules and Solid Sulfur Allotropes. 231 31-97... 

C06-0019. In a constant-volume calorimeter, 3.56 g of solid sulfur is burned in excess oxygen gas ... 

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