Abiotic stresses metabolism

Plants have the innate capacity, gained over eons of evolution, to actively respond to biotic and abiotic stresses in their environment. Many of the stresses that occur naturally are frequently mimicked by the operations that constitute the cultivation, harvesting, marketing, and consumption of fruits and vegetables. Metabolic responses induced by stress and that are adaptive in nature can result in reduced product quality. 

Iandolino A. 2004. Abiotic stress effects on the grapevine (Yitis vinifera L.) canopy s carbon balance and metabolic profile of flavonoids in berries. PhD Thesis. University of California, Davis, California. 

Winning, H., Viereck, N., Wollenweber, B., Larsen, F. H., Jacobsen, S., Sondergaard, I., and Engelsen, S. B. (2009). Exploring abiotic stress on asynchronous protein metabolism in single kernels of wheat studied by NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics.. Exp. Bot. 60,... 

Plants are highly adaptable to stresses (Levitt 1980,1990). Plant cells, in response to abiotic stresses, can synthesize specific proteins, which alleviate stress by eliminating or neutralizing its effects, but which can also protect basic cellular structures and metabolic processes (Levitt 1980, 1990). Protein synthesis which occurs under the effect of a stress factor has been observed in many plants. The role of such proteins has not been elucidated completely, but in all likelihood they are defense and repair proteins. 

Metabolic regulation of phosphoinositides/inositol phosphates in response to abiotic stress... 

Impa SM., Nadaradjan S., Jagadish SVK. Drought Stress Induced Reactive Oxygen Species and Anti-oxidants in Plants. In Ahmad P., Prasad MNV. (ed.) Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants Metabolism, Productivity and Sustainability, Springer Sriencer Business Media 2012, p. 131-147. 

Bae, H., E. Herman, B. Bailey, H.J. Bae, and R. Sicher. 2005. Exogenous trehalose alters Arabidopsis transcripts involved in cell wall modification, abiotic stress, nitrogen metabolism, and plant defense. Plant. 125 114—126. 

Combinatorial metabolism in hybrids frequently occurs in plants, which can alter their resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses and lead to the formation of new hybrid species (Figure 2.1 Ic). For example, the combination of PKS and NRPS can produce a wide variety of hybrid analogs [31]. 

Plant phenolics are cmisidered to have a key role as defense compounds when environmental stresses, such as high light, low temperatures, pathogen infection, herbivores, and nutrient dehciency, can lead to an increased production of free radicals and other oxidative species in plants. Both biotic and abiotic stresses stimulate carbon fluxes from the primary to the secondary metabolic pathways. 

In plants, phenolic metabolites can stimulate cellular protective response coupled to antioxidant function in the presence of biotic and abiotic stress (Briskin 2000). Among abiotic stress, UV light induces phenolic phytochemicals through the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid glycoside pathways as a protective of metabolic response (Logemann et al. 2000). This UV inducible phenolic phytochemical response can help to counter intracellular ROS produced in response to UV. This UV-inducible phenolic response ean be coupled to antioxidant enzyme response (Rao 1996) to attenuate damage from UV radiation. 

Abstract Phytochemicals, also known as natn-ral products and specialized compoimds, display well known functions in plants providing varying levels of protection to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The biosynthesis of phytochemicals is tightly spatio-temporally regulated, often restricted to specialized cells, yet their transport within plants allow them to interact with, and modulate, other signalling networks. In this chapter, we describe how phytochemicals participate in plant development and growth, further blurring the boundaries between primary and secondary metabolism, and between hormones and phytochemicals. 

Gupta, A.K. and Kaur, N. (2005). Sugar signalling and gene expression in relation to carbohydrate metabolism under abiotic stresses in plants. J. Biosci. 30, 761-776. 

In recent years, it has become evident that microRNAs (miRs) play a significant role in the regulation of plant development [45-51], biotic and abiotic stress response and, in a few cases, central (primary) metabolism [52-58]. Expression of miR target genes could be reduced by overexpressing the corresponding miRs, or ele-... 

Hasanuzzaman M, Hossain MA, Fujita M (2010) Selenium in higher plants physiological role, antioxidant metabolism and abiotic stress tolerance. J Plant Sci 5 354-375. doi 10.3923/... 

Patel, S.A., Currie, F., Thakker, N., and Goodacre, R. (2008) Spatial metabolic fingerprinting using FTIR spectroscopy investigating abiotic stresses on Micrasterias hardyi. Analyst, 133 (12), 1707-1713. 

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