Abies grandis

Steele CL, Crock J, Bohlmann J, Croteau R. (1998). Sesquiterpene synthases from grand fir Abies grandis). Comparison of constitutive and wound-induced activities, and cDNA isolation, characterization, and bacterial expression of delta-selinene synthase and gamma-humulene synthase./owrna/ of Biological Chemistry, 273,2078. 

Bohlmann J., Steele C. L. and Croteau R. (1997) Monoterpene synthases from grand fir (Abies grandis). J. Biol. Chem. 272, 21784—21792. 

RAVN, M. M., COATES, R. M., FLORY, J. E., PETERS, R. J., CROTEAU, R., Stereochemistry of the cyclization-rearrangement of (+)-copalyl diphosphate to (-)-abietadiene catalyzed by recombinant abietadiene synthase from Abies grandis, Org. Lett., 2000, 2,573-576. 

BOHLMANN, J., PHILLIPS, M RAMACHANDIRAN, V., KATOH, S., CROTEAU, R., cDNA cloning, characterization, and functional expression of four new monoterpene synthase members of the Tpsd gene family from grand fir (Abies grandis, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1999,368, 232-243. 

C) Terpene synthases Abies grandis Bohimannefo/, (1997) Bohimann et al. (1998a) Steele et al. (1998a) Vogel et al. (1996)... 

Bohlmann, J., Crock, J., Jetter, R. and Croteau, R. (1998a) Terpenoid-based defenses in conifers cDNA cloning, characterization and functional expression of wound-inducible (E)-a-bisabolene synthase from grand fir (Abies grandis). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 6756-61. 

Bohlmann, J. and Croteau, R. (1999) Diversity and variability of terpenoid defences in conifers molecular genetics, biochemistry and evolution of the terpene synthase gene family in grand fir (Abies grandis). Novartis Found Symp., 223,132-49. 

Gijzen, M., Lewinsohn, E. and Croteau, R. (1991) Characterization of the constitutive and wound-inducible monoterpene cyclases of grand fir Abies grandis). Arch. 

Steele, C.L., Katoh, S., Bohlmann, J. and Croteau, R. (1998b) Regulation of oleoresinosis in grand fir Abies grandis) differential transcriptional control of monoterpene, sesquiterpene and diterpene synthase genes in response to wounding. Plant Physiol, 116,1497-504. 

Vogel, B.S., Wildung, M.R., Vogel, G. and Croteau, R. (1996) Abietadiene synthase from grand fir (Abies grandis) cDNA isolation, characterization and bacterial expression of a bifunctional diterpene cyclase involved in resin acid biosynthesis. /. Biol. Chem., 271, 23262-8. 

To date over 30 plant terpenoid synthases have been cloned as cDNAs, and many of these were found to encode enzymes of secondary metabolism (43). Isolation and analysis of six genomic clones encoding monoterpene ((—)-pinene and (—)-limonene), sesquiterpene ((E)-a-bisabolene and S-selinene) and diterpene (abietadiene) synthases from Abies grandis, and a diterpene (taxadiene) synthase from Taxus brevifolia have been reported (44). Overexpression of a cotton farnesyl diphosphate synthase (EPPS) in transgenic Artemesia annua has resulted in 3- to 4-fold increase in the yield of the sesquiterpenoid anti-malarial drug, artemisinin, in hairy roots (45). 

Using a modified version of Poiseuille s law, Petty and Puritch (1970) estimate that the lumen aeeounts for about 40% of the resistance to sapflow in Abies grandis, with the unaspirated pits eontributing the other 60%. For Pinus radiata, Booker (unpub.) found the eontribution to resistanee to flow by the lumen to be 26% and that for the pits to be 74%. Thus unaspirated pits only moderately impede the natural flow of sap in a living tree while providing vital protection to the sap-capillary system where the tree is injured. 

Petty JA and Puritch GS (1970) The effects of drying on the structure and permeability of the viooAof Abies grandis. Wood Science and Technology, 4(2) 140-54 Petty JA (1972) The aspiration of bordered pits in conifer wood. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, B 757(1065) 395-406... 

Considerable research has been carried out on the short chain isoprenyl diphosphate synthases of plants, though our knowledge of these enzymes in conifers is restricted to work on just two species, Abies grandis and Taxus canadensis.All short-chain isoprenyl diphosphate synthases share some basic properties, including an absolute catalytic requirement for a divalent metal ion (usually Mg " ), a pFl optimum near neutrality, K values for both substrates in the 1 -100 pM range and a homodimeric architecture with subunits of 30-50 kDa (except... 

GPP synthase2 Abies grandis GPP synthaseS Abies grandis PalDSI Picea abies GPP synthaset Abies grandis... 

GGPP synthase Abies grandis — PalDS2 Picea abies... 

THOLL, D., CROTEAU, R., GERSHENZON, J., Partial purification and characterization of the short-chain prenyltransferases, geranyl diphosphate synthase and famesyl diphosphate synthase, from Abies grandis (Grand fir).. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 2001,386, 233-242. 

BOHLMANN, J., STEELE, C.L., CROTEAU, R., Monoterpene synthases from grand fir Abies grandis). cDNA isolation, characterization, and functional expression of myrcene synthase, (-)-(4S)-limonene synthase, and (-)-(lS,5S)-pinene synthase, j 5/o/. Chem., 1997,272,21784-21792. 

Abies grandis. interactions with the fir engraver beetle, 79 Absldla coerulea. phosphorylation of compactin, 115 Absldla cyllndrospora,... 

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