A 1-microglobulin

AlO. Adam, R, Cheniikova, M., and Nekola, R, Significance of evaluation of a-1-microglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid. Clin. Biochem. Metab. 4, 38 0 (1995). 

Biosynthesis of Ial and Pal starts from a-l-microglobulin/Bik precursor protein (AMBP) ( 43 63 kDa), consisting of three connected proteins (Bik, a-1-microglobulin, and a signal peptide) [8, 11, 12]. AMBP is an intracellular protein expressed constitutively and is generally suppressed during acute inflammation. Only trace amount of AMBP is found in blood or urine [13-15],... 

Anti-inflammatory activity of Bik is highly correlated to glomerulonephritis [4,95,96]. Bik provides protection to renal cells from ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing immune-mediated apoptotic signals that typically lead to cell death [4, 30, 81]. Bik also has a protective affect on proximal tubule epithelial cells under stress [97]. Bik levels increase with a-1-microglobulin during renal tubule damage [4]. 

Bazzi C, Petrini C, Rizza V, Arrigo G. BeltrameA, Pisano L, D Amico G. Urinary excretion of IgG and a(1)-microglobulin predicts clinical course better than extent of proteinuria in membranous nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 2001 38 240-248. 

After chronic exposure, cadmium accumulates in the human body and causes kidney diseases, especially lesions of proximal tubular cells. A tubular proteinuria causes an increase in urinary excretion of microproteins. Excretions of retinol binding protein (RBP), (32-microglobulin ((32-M), and a 1-microglobulin are validated biomarkers for analyzing cadmium effects. For this purpose, immunological procedures such as ELISA, and radio- and latex-immunoassays are used. 

The total protein concentration can be analyzed with commercially available kits based on Coomassie Brilliant Blue reaction. Albumin and a 1-microglobulin (protein HC) are quantified by single radial immunodiffusion techniques [72,73] and immunonephelometry [60]. For N-acetyl-p-D-glucosaminidase determination, there are commercially available test kits based on spectrophotometric assay [74],... 

Fig. 14.7. Effect of UV-exposure on seeded amyloid fibril formation in prion protein, P2-microglobulin and a-synuclein. Samples of unexposed (filled square) and UV-exposed (filled circle) (a) 1 mg ml-1 prion protein in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) containing 100 mM NaCl, 3M urea and 1M GdmCl, (b) 0.5 mg ml-1 P2-microglobulin in 50 mM citrate buffer (pH 2.5) containing 100 mM KC1 and (c) a-synuclein in 20 mM HEPES-NaOH buffer (pH 7.0) containing 100 mM NaCl and 0.5 mM SDS, were treated with the respective sonicated fibril seeds, and the fibril growth was monitored with time by ThT fluorescence...

Suhchronir JP-fl Rat and mouse 500 mg/m3 and 1,000 mg/m3, continuous exposure for 90 d, inhalation Kidney lesion, a-2-microglobulin protein droplet nephropathy, observed in male rats. No exposure-related increase in either sex of either species. Condition not considered relevant to humans Mattie et al. 1991... 

It is best to make a large quantity of total RNA from the control cell line (SW620), to be included in every PCR reaction. Typically, the maximum concentrations which allow exponential amplification at 30 cycles for SW620 are cDNA derived from 125 ng input RNA (a 1 8 dilution from the 1 jug RT reaction) for MDR-1 mRNA cDNA derived from 3.91 ng RNA (a 1 256 dilution from the 1 pg RT reaction) for MRP mRNA and cDNA derived from 0.49 ng RNA (a 1 2048 dilution from the 1 pg RT reaction) for p2-microglobulin mRNA. For quantitation of each of these in unknown samples, an initial test PCR reaction is performed using an amount of RNA/cDNA equivalent to that used from SW620. Optimal dilutions of the test sample cDNA for a definitive... 

The HFE gene protein, HFE, encodes a Pj-microglobulin-asociated protein with structural resemblance to MHC class I proteins. The HFE gene contains seven exons spanning about 12 kb, and the 4.1 kb mRNA is widely expressed with some suggestion of higher expression in the liver and intestine, major sites of iron metabolism in the body, and to... 

Borysik, A. 1. H. Read, R Little, D. R. Bateman, R. H. Radford, S. E. Ashcroft, A. E., Separation of b-microglobulin conformers by high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2004,18, (19), 2229-2234. 

The structure of MHC. In the context of antigen recognition by T cells, we are primarily concerned with class I and II MHC molecules. Class III MHC are essentially a part of the complement system. Class I molecules are made up of transmembrane heavy-chain peptide, which is noncovalently associated with the B2 microglobulin (B2m) molecule. Class II, on the other hand, is composed of two smaller transmembrane peptide chains, a and p. The peptides are arranged in domains that are of comparable size to those of the immunoglobulin molecules. 

Class I MHC proteins occur in almost all nucleated cells. They mainly interact with cytotoxic T cells and are the reason for the rejection of transplanted organs. Class 1 MHC proteins are heterodimers (a 3). The p subunit is also known as P2-microglobulin. 

Pharmacokinetics The pharmacokinetic properties of Infergen have not been evaluated in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Pharmacokinetic profiles were evaluated in normal, healthy volunteer subjects after subcutaneous injection of interferon alfacon-1 at doses up to 9 j,g. Plasma levels of interferon alfacon-1 at any dose were too low to be detected. However, analysis of Infergen-induced cellular products— induction of 2 5 oligoadenylate synthetase and (beta)-2 microglobulin—after treatment in these subjects revealed a statistically significant, dose-related increase in the area under the curve (AUC). 

The major histocompatibility (MHC) class 1 molecule is composed of a heavy chain, e.g., HLA-B7, and a light chain, /32-microglobulin. To express MHC class 1, both subunits must be expressed in the same cell. The inclusion of the IRES allows both polypeptide chains of a complete MHC class I molecule to be... 

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