A gastrointestinal disturbances

A. Gastrointestinal disturbances including anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are the most common side effects and occur in less than 10% of patients. There may be a mercaptan-like odor to the urine, which has no clinical significance. 

Trichlorosilane is a severe eye, skin and mucous membrane irritant. Poisoning may affect the blood. Acute exposure may cause coughing, choking headache, weakness, hypotension, pulmonary edema and cyanosis. Convalescence may be prolonged with frequent relapses. Chronic exposure may cause erosion of the teeth and jaw necrosis, bronchial pneumonia a gastrointestinal disturbances. 

Serious hepatotoxicity of tacrine has been documented. More recent data suggest, however, that this toxicity can be reduced by carehiUy monitoring semm alanine aminotransferase levels (125). The side effects of tacrine also include gastrointestinal disturbances and emesis, and alternative AChE therapies are being advanced. Velnacrine (20), a metaboUte of tacrine, was expected to have reduced hepatotoxicity. However, its limited efficacy and side-effect profile, which includes dmg-related hematological changes, caused it to be dropped from further development. 

Health, Safety, and Environmental Factors. Sulfur dioxide has only a moderate acute toxicity (183). The lowest pubHshed human lethal concentration is 1000 ppm for 10 months. The lowest pubHshed human toxic concentration by inhalation is 3 ppm for 5 days or 12 ppm for 1 hour. The lowest pubHshed human lethal concentration is 3000 ppm for 5 months. In solution (as sulfurous acid), the lowest pubHshed toxic dose is 500 flg/kg causing gastrointestinal disturbances. Considerable data is available by other modes of exposure and to other species NIOSH standards are a time-weighted average of 2 ppm and a short-term exposure limit of 5 ppm (183). 

The best example of the class of phenanthrene-methanols is halofantrine (66, Halfan [36167-63-2]) a dmg that is effective against chloroquine-resistant malaria and is now being evaluated in Africa. It produces temporary gastrointestinal disturbances. 

In the first clinical studies with lovastatin, pte-dmg semm cholesterol values of 150—300 mg/dL were shown to be decreased as much as 25% with a dosage of 15 mg twice daily for just over a week (149). Whereas the dmg shows few adverse side effects, gastrointestinal disturbances, including diarrhea and abdominal pain, ate the most common. 

The use of quinine can cause cinchonism at full therapeutic doses. Cinchonism is a group of symptoms associated with quinine, including tinnitus, dizziness, headache, gastrointestinal disturbances, and visual disturbances. These symptoms usually disappear when the dosage is reduced. Other adverse reactions include hematologic changes, vertigo, and skin rash. 

Warning sgns of a fluid and electrolyte imbalance include dry mouth, thirst, weakness lethargy, drowsiness restlessness muscle pains or cramps confuson, gastrointestinal disturbances hypotenson, oliguria, tachycardia, and seizures... 

Chamomile Matricaria chamomilla As a tea for gastrointestinal disturbances, as a sedative, and as an anti-inflammatory agent Fbssible contact dermatitis and, in rare instances, anaphylaxis Chamomile is a member of the ragweed family and those allergic to ragweed should not take the herb. 

The reason for this warning is that abrupt cessation of SSRIs produces withdrawal symptoms in about 20 per cent of patients. Symptoms of withdrawal from antidepressant medication include gastrointestinal disturbances (abdominal cramping and pain, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting), flu-like symptoms, headaches, sleep disturbances, dizziness, blurred vision, numbness, electric-shock sensations, twitches and tremors. Abrupt withdrawal can also produce symptoms of depression and anxiety, which can occur within hours of the first missed dose of the drug.11 Withdrawal symptoms are sometimes mistaken for a relapse, leading patients to resume antidepressant medication and to conclude that they need it in order to remain free of depression. Technically, this is not considered addiction , but it does seem awfully close. 

EPA has derived both an oral reference dose (RfD) and an inhalation reference concentration (RfC) for chronic exposure to hydrogen sulfide. The RfD of 0.003 mg/kg/day is based on the NOAEL of 3.1 mg/kg/day for gastrointestinal disturbance in pigs in a study by Wetterau et al. (1964) (IRIS 1998). The NOAEL value of 3.1 mg/kg/day was divided by an uncertainty factor of 1,000 to account for interspecies extrapolation (10), sensitive individuals (10), and subchronic exposure (10) (IRIS 1998). 

Cholestyramine use is not without limitations. It does not bind chlordecone alcohol, a metabolite of chlordecone that is also excreted in the bile (Guzelian 1981). It has a gritty texture in the mouth, and it causes several gastrointestinal disturbances, which may limit the willingness of patients to take it. It may also interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and interact with other medications (Goldfrank 1990). 

For some time she had experienced generalized bone pain and some muscle weakness and walked with a rolling gait. There had been no medical history of fractures or evidence of gastrointestinal disturbance. 

Ciclosporin is a potent immunosuppressant, which is markedly nephrotoxic. It may cause gastrointestinal disturbances. Ciclosporin is available as capsules, oral solution and parenteral preparations. 

Thyroxine is used in hypothyroidism, a condition that may well present in elderly patients. Side-effects of thyroxine usually occur at excessive doses and include gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting) as well as cardiac symptoms such as angina pain, arrhythmias, palpitation and tachycardia. Thyroxine should be used with caution in elderly patients as they are more prone to side-effects. A lower initial dose (25-50 pg daily) is recommended for patients who are over 50 years. Dose adjustments should take place at intervals of at least 4 weeks. A pretreatment electrocardiogram is recommended because changes induced by hypothyroidism (that would be present at baseline) may be confused with ischaemia. 

Sorafenib is a protein kinase inhibitor that is used in malignant disease. Patients should be advised to take tablets an hour before food or on an empty stomach. Side-effects include gastrointestinal disturbances including diarrhoea or constipation, dyspepsia, dysphagia and anorexia. 

Varenicline is a selective nicotine receptor partial agonist that is used in smoking cessation. It is started 1-2 weeks before target stop date. It may cause gastrointestinal disturbances, dry mouth, taste disturbance and, less commonly, aphthous stomatitis. 

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