A-CHLOROPHENYL

When the combined ether layers are dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated, and the residue is distilled at reduced pressure, about 11 g. (10%) of unchanged ethyl a-chlorophenyl-ai elate, b.p. 134-137°/15 mm., is recovered. 

The addition-elimination mechanism involves two intermediates, a chlorophenyl anion and benzyne. A simple displacement mechanism can be ruled out because reaetion of ort/io-chlorotoluene gives not only ort/io-methylphenol but also meto-methylphenol. 

See "Brompheniramine Maleate." The starting material is simply a chlorophenyl compound. 

C11H8C1N03 A-/ -Chlorophenyl-2-furohydroxamic acid Extraction-photometric Ge, Sn, Tl 3, 126... 

C17H14CINO2 PCPPASAHA (A-/ Chlorophenyl-a- phenylstyrylacrylohydroxamic acid) Exttaction Mo, Nb 138, 139... 

Some 30 phencyclldlne-llke compounds are known to produce psychophysical effects resembling those of SNA. Of these, ketamine (Ketalar, Ketaject), a chlorophenyl methylamlnocyclohexanone, is currently used fairly widely as a dissociative anesthetic In humans. Therefore, Its use can provide clinical information about undeslred effects of single doses of the phencyclidine series. 

Chlorothalonil, a chlorophenyl introduced in the mid-1960s, is a major protectant fungicide. It is used alone or in mixtures to control Septoria spp. in cereals, Phytophthora infestans in potatoes and Botrytis spp. in vegetables. 

Acid number, 32, 3 Acidolysis, of ethyl a-chlorophenyl-acetate by acetic add, 36,4 of vinyl acetate by fatty acids, 30, 106... 

Into a 3-necked spherical flask of 1 L provided with a dropping funnel, a condenser surmounted by a calcium chloride tube and a mechanical stirrer, is introduced a suspension of 17.6 g (0.2 mol) of ethyl urea in 150 ml of anhydrous benzene. There is added through the dropping funnel in 20 minutes a solution of 18.9 g (0.1 mol) a-chlorophenyl-acetyl chloride in 300 ml of benzene. The mixture is left at ambient temperature for 15 minutes and is then heated under reflux on the water bath with stirring for 5 hours. The benzene solution is decanted at elevated temperature in order to separate it from an oil deposited on the bottom of the flask, the benzene is driven off on the water bath, the last traces removed in vacuum, the crystalline residue is triturated in a mortar in about 200 ml of water, and the crystalline solid is separated off and is with water and dried in vacuum over phosphorus pentoxide. There are thus recovered 19.6 g (yield 82%) of l-(2-chloro-2-phenyl-acetyl)-3-ethyl-urea, which when recrystallized from 80 ml of benzene, takes the form of white crystals soluble in benzene but insoluble in water. The product has melting point 146°C. 

In benzene solution or in the solid state, a-chlorophenyl-cyanamide does not polymerize on storage for several months at 20-30°. 

The application of pesticides is also limited by regulation, which imposes wide buffer zones, and by community.action to veto pesticide application. Carbaryl (1-naphthyl N -methyl carbamate, Sevin ), acephate (0, S-dimethyl acetylphosphoroamido-thioate, Orthene ), diflubenzuron (N -[ [(A-chlorophenyl)amino]-carbonyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide, Dimilin ), and other insecticides are effective against the larvae. 

In other studies, analysis of the products of reaction between formaldehyde and guanosine at moderate pH shows a new adduct—formed by condensing two molecules of each reactant— which has imphcations for the mechanism of DNA cross-linking by formaldehyde, while the kinetics of the mutarotation of A-(/ -chlorophenyl)-)S-D-glucopyranosylamine have been measiued in methanolic benzoate buffers. For a stereoselective aldol reaction of a ketene acetal, see the next section. 

Baclofen is a chlorophenyl derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a naturally occurring inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord. It is of proven therapeutic value in reducing the severity of flexor or extensor spasms resulting from spinal cord injury or disease. The recommended oral dose is 5 mg tds, which can be carefully increased however, the total daily dose should not exceed 80 mg (20 mg qds). It is also used for the treatment of intractable hiccups, especially in patients with uremia. 

Hydrolysis, of 3-benzyl-3-methyl-pentanenitrile, 35, 8 of a-(A-chlorophenyl)-y-phenylaceto-acetonitrile, 35, 32... 

Between w-hexyl and w-heptyl side chains there lies a difference of homology, which represents one of several shoals of obviousness. Another is the choice of alkali metals or halogens lying immediately above or below one another in the periodic table. No new patent application necessarily escapes obviousness by claiming, say, a chlorophenyl substituent instead of a fluo-rophenyl or bromophenyl group that an older patent protects. Other obstacles are salts and isomers of various kinds. 

---