3D interconnect

Gonradsson, T., Dadachov, M.S., and Zou, X.D. (2000) Synthesis and structure of (Me3N)6[Ge32064](H20)4.5, a thermally stable novel zeotype with 3D interconnected 12-ring channels. Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 41, 183-191. 

Morrow P, Kobrinsky MJ, Ramanathan S, Park C-M, Harmes M, Ramachandrarao V, Park H-M, Kloster G, List S, Kim S. Wafer level 3D interconnects via Cu bonding. Advanced Metallization Conference 2004 2004. p 125-130. 

Jindal A, Lu J-Q, Kwon Y, Rajagopalan G, McMahon JJ, Zeng AY, Flesher HK, Cale TS, Gutmann RJ. Wafer thinning for monolithic 3D interconnects. In... 

McMahon JJ, Lu J-Q, Gutmann RJ. Wafer bonding of damascene-patterned metal/ adhesive redistribution layers for via-lirst 3D interconnect. In Proceedings of the IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference 2005. p 331-336. 

FOS-5, a novel zeotype with 3D interconnected 12- ring channels... 

Based on these observations, Wang and Caruso [337] have described an effective method for the fabrication of robust zeolitic membranes with 3D interconnected macropo-rous (1.2 pm in diameter) structures from mesoporous silica spheres previously seeded with SIL-1 nanoparticles subjected to a conventional hydrothermal treatment. Subsequently, the zeolite-membrane modification via the layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly of polyelectrolytes and catalase on the 3D macroporous structure results in a biomacromolecule-functionalized macroporous zeolitic membrane bioreactor suitable for biocatalysts investigations. The enzyme-modified membranes exhibit enhanced reaction stability and also display enzyme activities (for H2O2 decomposition) three orders of magnitude higher than their nonporous planar film counterparts assembled on silica substrates. Therefore, the potential of such structures as bioreactors is enormous. 

Cationic polymers are defined as polyelectrolytes cariying positive charges, and they are either derived from natural sources such as chitosan, or chemically synthesized where the charges have been incorporated on their backbone and/or side chains. They may also exist as block copolymers, where one of the blocks is decorated with positive charges. When these block copolymers consist of a hydrophobic block, they readily undergo self-assembly in aqueous solutions and form micellar structures with a positively charged surface. Similarly, if the block copolymer consists of two hydrophobic blocks, one at each end, the system may self-assemble into network structures called hydrogels, which are water-rich 3D interconnected networks. 

Fig. 10 Micro/nanostructure engineering of functional materials, (a) Network architecture (route 2) with respect to normal fiber formation, (b) Modification of micro/nanostructure of 3D interconnecting fiber network...

X-ray diffraction analyses have shown that L-DHL powders, needles and 3D interconnecting fibers have identical crystalline structures (31,32). This... 

As illustrated by Fig. 10a and b, one aspect of the micro/nanostructure engineering is the architecture of a self-organized 3D interconnecting nanofiber structure (Fig. 10a), and the other aspect is to tune the micro/nanostructure in a predictive way (Fig. 10b). It was shown in the previous sections that the variations in the miao/nanostructure of functional materials will exert a dir-... 

The implication of Fig. 8 is that the micro/nanostructure can be modified by changing supersaturation according to Eq. 21. The decrease of the mesh size of the 3D interconnecting networks of the materials will lead to an increase of G, G, etc. Therefore, the change of supersaturation should enable us to alter the rheological or other physical properties of the materials. 

Under identical conditions, the increase of the concentration of the branching promoter (additive) will also cause a reduction of the mesh size of 3D interconnecting networks of the materials. Figure 14a and b shows the 3D... 

Spinels. The A[M2]04 spinels have a cubic-close-packed array of oxygen atoms with M-site cations in half of the octahedra, the 16d sites of space group Fd3m of Fig. 3.15. The [M2]04 array represents a strongly bonded framework with A atoms in the interstitial tetrahedral sites 8a. The empty 16c octahedral sites share faces with the 8a sites to form, with the 8a sites, a 3D-interconnected interstitial space. On LF-ion insertion into an empty 16c site, the coulombic repulsive force between the LF-ion and the near-neighbor A-site cations pushes all the A-site cations in a cascade into the 16c sites [18],... 

Preparation of 3D interconnected porous network by colloid crystals self-assembly. 

Recently, Xue et al. " improved this EISA method by replacing the planar substrate with bulk polyurethane (PU) foams. The PU foam scaffolds have a hydrophilic surface. Most importantly, its unique 3D interconnecting macroporous architecture provides large voids and interfaces for... 

Figure 2.6 Thermodynamically and additive-enhanced fiber tip branching, (a) Design of network architecture, (b) Modification of micro/nanostructure of 3D interconnecting fiber network by controlling fiber branching, (c-f) illustrates the effects of thermodynamic driving force on the fiber network structure. (c,e) are fiber networks formed at higher temperatures (lower thermodynamic driving force), (d,f) are the corresponding fiber networks formed at lower temperatures (higher...

Encapsulated preosteoblasts readily elongated, proliferated, and formed a 3D interconnected network Suitable for low load-bearing applications A dual compartment syringe system (MiniMix) was used... 

The structure of the 3D interconnect device is important when it comes to selecting a method of medium application for MID, because the geometrical properties of the MID impose severe restrictions on the printing technique. Figure 4.10 compares printing processes in terms of their suitability for the various geometric types. 

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