Printing techniques

FIGURE 3.11 Process chain for Aerosol-Jet and inkjet printing 

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More recently. Gamier and coworkers used a printing technique to make OFETs on polymeric substrates [61]. Although printable field-effect transistors based on inorganic semiconductors have been reported as early as 1967 ]62], they did not come to any commercial development. We note, however, that in Gar-nier s device only the electrodes were actually printed. 

Ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels on polyester films was performed as described (Radola, 1980). Polygalacturonase activity was detected by the print technique with a dyed substrate (Ostazin Brilliant Red-D-galacturonan DP 10) (Markovic et al., 1992) or by the print technique with colouress D-galacturonan DP 10 dyed additionally with ruthenium red (Sigma, Germany). 

Fig. 3. Isoelectric focusing in ultrathin polyacrylamide layers (pH gradient 3 -10) of multiple forms of polygalacturonase produced by Candida boidinii under different cultivation conditions a - pectin, pH 3.51 b - pectin, pH 5.49 c -pectin, pH 7.01 d - 20% of D-galactopyranuronic acid in pectin e - pectate. A - Activity detection with print technique on colouress D-galacturonan DP 10 dyed additionally with ruthenium red ( both exo- and polygalacturonases) and B - activity detection with Ostazin Brilliant Red/D-galacturonan DP 10 agar print (polygalacturonases).

In contrast to high density arrays low density arrays are made by deposition of pre-synthesized oligonucleotides or proteins on activated surfaces. There are several printing techniques for fabricating microarrays Non-contact biochip arrayers, commonly based on the piezoelectric effect, can apply controlled sub-nanoliter probe volumes to pre-specified locations on the chip surface. Due to the fact that the dispenser does not touch the surface, a non-contact arrayer provides low risk of contamination and is most suitable for printing on soft materials such as hydrogels. 

Bao, Z. Feng, Y. Dodabalapur, A. Raju, V. Lovinger, A. 1997. High-performance plastic transistors fabricated by printing techniques. Chem. Mater. 

Transfer Printing Techniques and Inorganic Single-Crystalline Materials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics... 

To detect pectinesterase activity in situ, the print technique has... 

Redox printing technique, 24 328-329 Redox process, 10 782-785 Redox reactions, 13 444-445 mechanisms of, 13 445-446 organic, 9 569... 

P.Y.97 is used in a variety of fields. Even in pastel shades, it is used in industrial finishes while its full shades lend color to automobile refinishes. In emulsion paints, both its medium and full shades are suited to exterior application. The printing ink industry uses P.Y.97 in high grade printing products, especially where excellent fastness is required, such as in stable posters, etc. It lends itself without difficulty to all printing techniques. However, lack of fastness to monostyrene and acetone and therefore a certain tendency to bleed in these media precludes its application in deco printing inks, i.e., for decorative laminates. 

P.Y.83 can be used for all printing techniques and purposes. The printing ink industry often prefers highly transparent, mostly resinated types. Printing such... 

In printing inks, P.Y.155 lends itself to all printing techniques. The prints provide good fastness properties they are even soap and butter resistant. 

P.R.95 is suitable for a variety of printing techniques. Poor migration resistance and insufficient fastness to plasticizers render the pigment unsuitable as a colorant in special gravure inks for plasticized PVC. 

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