Zooplankton bacteria

Mono n-alkenoic acids (MUFA) C14-C20 Algal, zooplankton. bacteria 89 (71-99)... 

Short-chain fatty acids fatty acids thought to be derived from aquatic sources (C12-C18) to others (C44-C18) from multi-sources (zooplankton, bacteria, and benthic animal and marsh plants). 

Periphyton are microscopic and macroscopic algae that attach to and grow on solid surfaces, such as lake bottoms, rooted aquatic vegetation, and submerged woody debris. Periphyton form part of the base of littoral food webs in lakes. Periphyton communities are taxonomically diverse and the attached communities contain other organisms, such as bacteria and zooplankton, as well as detrital material. Periphyton vary seasonally and annually in both abundance and species composition. 

The biological contamination and the hardness of underground water are the two very serious problems of water. Dissolved salts deteriorate water quality and may cause diseases related to joints and bones, while infected water may cause many water-borne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, typhoid etc. Ultrasound may disinfect the potable water by blasting off micro organisms such as zooplanktons, phytoplanktons, pathogenic bacteria and produce germ-free water in few minutes of... 

In addition to the dissolved elements and compounds in the oceanic water column, a wide variety of water column chemicals are found in marine organisms and organic detritus. For example, a milliliter of surface seawater can contain on the order of 10 million viruses, 1 million bacteria, 100,000 phytoplankton, and 10,000 zooplankton [9]. With the advent of soft ionization processes for mass spectrometry systems, scientists have been able to study these marine organisms at molecular level. The use of electrospray ionization (ESI see Section 2.1.15), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization... 

Finally, it is noteworthy that not all marine organisms are classifiable as POM. Viruses, small bacteria, and archaea can pass through 0.2-p,m filter pores and, thus, are technically part of the DOM. Although these organisms are small (0.2 to 20 x 10 gC/cell for viruses and bacteria, respectively), their high numbers (10 to lO and 10 to 10 cells/L, respectively) cause their collective biomass in seawater to be similar to that of phytoplankton and zooplankton (<2mm) (Table 23.2). The biomass of the archaea and the macrozooplankton (>2 mm) are currently unknown. Nonetheless, these two groups play very important biogeochemical roles as described later. 

Seasonal shifts at mid-latitudes in the standing stocks of nutrients, phytoplankton, and the heterotrophic consumer community of bacteria, protozoa, and zooplankton. Also shown are seasonal changes in density stratification of the mixed layer. Source From Black, J. A. (1986). Oceans and Coasts, Wm. C. Brown Publishers, p. 143. 

The relatively smaller 15N enrichments of Cyclops compared to phytoplankton and the other zooplankton in the leucine experiment are consistent with the idea that Cyclops feeds on microheterotrophs that are less labeled with 15N than the phytoplankton. As with the 15N, Cyclops was less enriched in 13C than phytoplankton. But the 13C proved less useful as a tracer because phytoplankton took up the label and because the actual isotopic compositions of bacteria and microheterotrophs were unknown. 

Microorganisms are microscopic plants and animals. In relation to their presence as cooling water contaminants, we generally mean the mixed populations of bacteria, fungi (which includes yeasts), phytoplankton (algae), and zooplankton commonly found. Basic classifications and descriptions of microorganisms are discussed in the following sections. 

Fig. 4. Compartmental model describing the cycling of nitrogen in a planktonic community in the mixed layer of a water column. Flow pathways are represented by arrows and numbers which correspond to mathematical expressions described in Table 2. The nitrogen pool represents all abiotic nitrogen (nitrate, ammonia and urea), and other compartments represent bacteria, zooflagellates, larger protozoa, and micro-mesozooplankton, giving off waste products (F+U). Arrows (13) and (14) depict sedimentation of zooplankton faeces and phytoplankton cells, respectively (After Moloney et al., 1985).

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