Zinc oxide 2-propanol

Hydrogenation. Gas-phase catalytic hydrogenation of succinic anhydride yields y-butyrolactone [96-48-0] (GBL), tetrahydrofiiran [109-99-9] (THF), 1,4-butanediol (BDO), or a mixture of these products, depending on the experimental conditions. Catalysts mentioned in the Hterature include copper chromites with various additives (72), copper—zinc oxides with promoters (73—75), and mthenium (76). The same products are obtained by hquid-phase hydrogenation catalysts used include Pd with various modifiers on various carriers (77—80), Ru on C (81) or Ru complexes (82,83), Rh on C (79), Cu—Co—Mn oxides (84), Co—Ni—Re oxides (85), Cu—Ti oxides (86), Ca—Mo—Ni on diatomaceous earth (87), and Mo—Ba—Re oxides (88). Chemical reduction of succinic anhydride to GBL or THF can be performed with 2-propanol in the presence of Zr02 catalyst (89,90). 

Another method to hydrogenate butadiene occurs during an oxidation—reduction reaction in which an alcohol is oxidized and butadiene is reduced. Thus copper—chromia or copper—zinc oxide catalyzes the transfer of hydrogen from 2-butanol or 2-propanol to butadiene at 90—130°C (87,88). 

Vohs JM, Barteau MA (1989) Dehydration and dehydrogenation of ethanol and 1-propanol on the polar surfaces of zinc oxide. Surf Sci 221 590... 

Methods of filler pretreatment silane treated talc increases modulus and reduces compression set maleated or sulfonated EPDM interacts with zinc oxide esterification of precipitated silica with methanol, propanol, and hexadecanol modification of precipitated silica with methacrylic and vinyl silane calcium carbonate was modified with monoallyl and monodecyl maleate ... 

Temperature-Programmed Decomposition of 2-Propanol on the Zinc-Polar, Nonpolar, and Oxygen-Polar Surfaces of Zinc Oxide... 

A comparison, however, of zinc oxide catalysts prepared in different ways, i.e. (A) precipitation of zinc hydroxide from zinc sulfate, (B) dry process commercial zinc oxide, and (C) hydrolysis of zinc isopropoxide in moist air, showed that the mode of preparation had a marked effect on the catalyst action. The percentage of olefin formed at a given temperature varied from 5 to 88 for isopropanol, 10 to 20 for ethanol, 1 to 31.5 for isobutanol, and 2 to 15 for n-propanol and butanol. In general, catalyst A was best for dehydration, and catalyst B for dehydrogenation, except in the case of ethanol where they were about the equal. Catalyst C behaved about the same as B, except in the case of ethanol, in which case it was a better dehydration material. 

The crystallinity of the formed particle is, in any case, determined by thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. Leite and coworkers [252,253] recently demonstrated that well-crystallized Sn02 nanocrystals could be produced at room temperature with no hydrothermal treatment. This process is based on the hydrolysis of SnCh in an ethanol solution, followed by dialysis to remove the Cl ions. The result of this dialysis is a transparent colloidal suspension formed by near-spheric particles, as illustrated in Fig. 9 later. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals have also been synthesized at room temperature. The process developed by Bahnemann et al. [67] consists of hydrolyzing zinc acetate dihydrate dissolved in 2-propanol by the addition of NaOH... 

Kola (Cola acuminata) extract astringent, skin treatment Zinc oxide astringent, toners Kola (Cola acuminata) extract astringent, topical Aluminum chloride hexahydrate astringent, topical hexahydrate Aluminum chloride anhydrous astringent, veterinary medicine Lead acetate trihydrate asymmetric epoxidation, transition metal catalyzed trans-Stilbene a-terpineol precursor 2-(4-Methyl-3-cyclohexenyl)-2-propanol atmosphere protectant, casting magnesium alloys... 

The catalytic activity per unit surface area of lead (II) oxide for dehydrogenation of 2-propanol is 5.3 times higher than that of zinc oxides. ... 

Dispersant - Tamol 960 Rohm Haas Nonionic Surfactant - Triton N-101 Rohm Haas 2-Amino-2-methyl-l-propanol - AMP-95 Angus " Antifoam - Colloid 640 Colloids Titanium Dioxide - TiPure R-900 DuPont Zinc Oxide - Pasco 311 Pacific Smelting Miea - Mica 325WG KMG Talc - rr-325, Vanderbilt... 

The same differential behavior can be observed with amine nucleophiles. For example, calcium triflate promotes the aminolysis of propene oxide 84 with benzylamine to give 1-(A -benzyl)amino-2-propanol 85, the result of attack at the less substituted site <03T2435>, and which is also seen in the solventless reaction of epoxides with heterocyclic amines under the catalysis of ytterbium(III) triflate <03SC2989>. Conversely, zinc chloride directs the attack of aniline on styrene oxide 34 at the more substituted carbon center <03TL6026>. A ruthenium catalyst in the presence of tin chloride also results in an SNl-type substitution behavior with aniline derivatives (e.g., 88), but further provides for subsequent cyclization of the intermediate amino alcohol, thus representing an interesting synthesis of 2-substituted indoles (e.g., 89) <03TL2975>. 

EPOXY-l-PROPANOL or 2,3-EPOXYPROPANOL (556-52-5) C3H 02 The pure material or a solution in water is sensitive to moisture, light, and temperature it may polymerize when heated above room temperature. Combustible and polymerizable liquid (flash point 158°F/70°C). Reacts violently wiflt strong oxidizers. Contact with strong acids, bases, caustics, chemically active metals (aluminum, copper, zinc, etc.), metal salts, trichloroethylene, especially in the presence of heat, can cause polymerization or exothermic deconpo-sition. Incompatible with nitrates. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. 

Naphtalides, alkalides, and alkali metals are sufficiently powerful to reduce Ge and Si salts to the elements. Si nanocrystals have been prepared in solution by the reduction of the halides with Na, Li naphthalide, and hydride reagents [216-219]. Similarly, Ge nanocrystals have been made by the reduction of GeCL with Li naphthalide in THF [217]. TEOS (Si(OEt)4) is readily reduced by sodium to yield Si nanocrystals. Si and Ge nanocrystals are frequently covered by an oxide layer. Y2O3 nanocrystals have been made by the alkalide reduction of YCI3 followed by oxidation by exposure to ambient conditions [220]. Yittria nanocrystals could be doped with Eu to render them phosphorescent [221]. ZnO nanoparticles have been prepared from zinc acetate in 2-propanol by the reaction with water [222]. Pure anatase nanocrystals are obtained by the hydrolysis of TiCL with ethanol at 0°C followed by calcination at 87° C for 3 days [223]. The growth kinetics and the surface hydration chemistry in this reaction have been investigated. 

In addition to the pillared manganese oxide materials, birnessite itself also has been widely used as a catalyst. The catalytic activity of birnessite for liquid-phase decomposition of acetone, methanol, and 2-propanol has been reported [67]. Sodium-, potassium-, bismuth-, lead-, and zinc-exchanged birnessite materials have shown superior catalytic activities compared to pyrolusite in the decom-... 

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