Zinc Chloride Granulated

Preparation of the Zinc Amalgam. —Granulated zinc in thin pieces or, still better, zinc foil 0-15 to 0-25 mm. thick and cut into small strips, is left for one hour with frequent shaking in contact with an equal weight of 5 per cent aqueous mercuric chloride solution. The solution is then poured off and the metal washed once with fresh water. 

Preparation of Zinc Chloride. Assemble an apparatus (see Fig. 61), replacing the funnel with a U-tube containing calcium chloride. Weigh 1-2 g of pure granulated zinc in a porcelain boat and place the latter into a refractory tube. Cover the outlet end of the tube... 

Preparation of Zinc Chloride Crystallohydrate. Put 5 g of granulated zinc into a 50-mI flask, pour in 12 ml of water, and add 13 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid in small portions. When the reaction slows down, place the flask on a warm water bath and bring the reaction up to its end. Let the flask with its contents stand up to your next lesson. Filter the solution, and test it for the presence of iron(II) ions. If the reaction is positive, saturate the solution with chlorine. For what purpose Tightly close the flask containing the reaction mixture with a stopper and again let it stand up to your next lesson. Heat the flask in a water bath and introduce moist zinc oxide in small portions up to the complete separation of iron hydroxide. How can you determine that the ions of iron have precipitated completely ... 

A one-liter Erlenmeyer flask is substituted in the apparatus for reduction described in Experiment No. 35. The flask is charged with 145g of chromium (III) chloride 6-hydrate dissolved in a mixture of 150ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and an equal volume of water. Fifty-five grams of zinc (coarsely granulated or in the form of rods) is added and the reduction procedure is then followed exactly as for chromium (II) acetate. 

When whole starch granules react with iodine or an iodine-iodide mixture, the structure of the granule changes. Iodine is more readily bound by the internal part of the granule than by the external part.199 A similar effect is observed when granules react with zinc chloride iodide anions.200... 

Sulphur, powder Tin, granulated Tin, sheet Zinc, dust Zinc, pure Zinc, sheet Zinc chloride... 

The most common adsorbant used is granular or powdered activated carbon. This material, which is available from almost all forms of organic carbon-containing matter, is a microcrystalline nongraphite form of carbon. The production of activated carbon can be achieved by use of rotary kilns, hearth furnaces, or furnaces of the vertical shaft or fluidised bed type, and each is suitable for the generation of different pore size and the source of carbon. The pore volume and size are influenced by both the carbon source and method of production. The adsorption properties are directly related to the pore volume, pore size distribution and the nature of the functional groups on the surface of the carbon. Activation is achieved chemically, by treatment by dehydration with zinc chloride or phosphoric acid, or by treatment with steam, hot carbon dioxide or a mixture of both. The activated carbon is available in three basic forms, powder, granules or as cylindrical or spherical pellets. For solvent recovery systems the carbon is usually obtained from either wood charcoal, petroleum residues or coconut shells and is often used in the form of pellets. 

It is manufactured either by carbonization of carbonaceous materials with simultaneous chemical activation or by gas treatment of already carbonized material (e. g., charcoal). Chemical treatment is carried out at 400-1000 °C with phosphoric acid or zinc chloride and gas activation at 800-1000 °C in the presence of water or carbon dioxide. Several types of kilns and furnaces are in use. A. is available as powder, granules and special shaped products. The absorbent property of a. is used in gas and water purification and in solvent recovery. Well known is its use for decoloration and purification in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. 

The synthesis of deoxybenzoin from phenacetyl chloride and benzene by the Friedel-Crafts reaction has been described. For symmetrically substituted deoxybenzoins, direct reduction of the readily accessible benzoin is a more convenient method. Reduction of benzoin by zinc dust and acetic acid, and by hydrochloric acid and granulated tin or amalgamated powdered tin has been reported. The present method is based on a publication of the authors. ... 

The amalgamated zinc may be prepared by adding 1500 g. of clean granulated zinc to 600 ml. of 5% mercuric chloride solution. After standing for 2 hours with occasional shaking, the liquid is decanted and the zinc is used immediately. 

Alternatively,21500 g. of granulated zinc is added to a solution of 62.5 g. of mercuric chloride and 62.5 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid in 1875 ml. of water. The mixture is shaken for about 5 minutes, the liquid decanted, and the zinc used immediately. 

An aluminium-mercury couple acts in the same way as zinc dust. This aluminium amalgam, prepared by the action of mercuric chloride on aluminium (preferably granulated), is also suitable for reducing substances dissolved in ether or alcohol the water which is required is slowly added drop by drop. (The method is that of H. Wislicenus.) The extent of the reduction varies according to the nitro-compound concerned, but corresponds approximately to the effect of zinc dust in a neutral medium. Consequently reduction usually does not proceed beyond the hydroxylamine stage. 

Diphenylketene has been prepared by action of tripropylamine on diphenylacetyl chloride,2 by treating diphenylchloro-acetyl chloride with granulated zinc,3 and by the action of quinoline on diphenylacetyl chloride.4 It is most conveniently prepared by heating phenylbenzoyldiazomethane—a method first described by Schroeter5 and later used by Staudinger.6... 

Reduction of a Metal Oxide wear eye protection ). Assemble the apparatus shown in Fig. 44 and check its tightness. Put 40-50 pieces of granulated zinc into a 250-ml flask. Pour anhydrous calcium chloride into U-shaped tube. Put 0.3 g of copper oxide into the wide part of a refractory tube, and a piece of copper gauze or foil (why ) into the gas-discharge tube out of which hydrogen will flow. Pour 100-150 ml of a 20% sulphuric acid solution into the flask. Again check... 

Prepare amalgamated zinc. To do this, place 100 g of granulated zinc into a wide-neck bottle and pour over it a solution of 0.1 M mercury(II) chloride in a 1 A hydrochloric acid solution. Close the bottle with a stopper and shake the mixture for 10-15 minutes, after which wash the amalgamated zinc first with a large amount of distilled water, and then with al jV sulphuric acid solution. Constant-... 

A dry cell is the workhorse of primary cells.1 Its familiar cylindrical zinc container serves as the anode and in the center is the cathode, a carbon rod. The interior of the container is lined with paper that serves as the porous barrier. The electrolyte is a moist paste of ammonium chloride, manganese(IV) oxide, finely granulated carbon, and an inert filleq usually... 

Palladium may be obtained from porpesite or palladium-gold by fusion of the latter with silver, and digestion after granulation with dilute nitric acid. This effects the solution of the silver and palladium, metallic gold being left behind as residue. Addition of sodium chloride to the filtered solution precipitates the silver as chloride, and metallic palladium is obtained from the liquid by addition of metallic zinc. 

The preparation does not succeed if aqueous solutions are used, the yield then being very small. No tris(ethylenedi-amine)chromium(III) chloride is obtained in the absence of a piece of granulated zinc. Magnesium ribbon or granulated tin may be used instead, but the yields are lower (38 and 30%, respectively), and with granulated tin the reaction is much slower than with zinc or magnesium. 

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