Yeast suspension

Baker s yeast suspension (20% ww/v original cells) was pumped to the bead mill at a flow rate of 280 cm h 1 within the BRG 4.5 cm inner diameter contactor. Then, the disruptate from the mill was directly introduced to the pre-equilibrated fluidised bed containing ZSA II-CB and Macrosorb K4AX-CB. 

A standardized viral suspension is exposed, in the presence of yeast suspension, to appropriate dilutions of disinfectant in WHO hard water. At appropriate times, dilutions are made in inactivated horse serum and each dilution is inoculated into tissue cell culture or embryonated eggs (as appropriate for the test virus). The drop in infectivity of the treated virus is compared with that of the control (untreated) virus. 

Set up the test tube, ring stand, and utility clamp. Obtain about 3 mL yeast suspension in a 10-mL graduated cylinder, and pour it into the test tube. Obtain about 3 mL 5% sucrose solution in a 10-mL graduated cylinder. Add the sucrose solution to the yeast in the test tube. Stir to mix. Pour enough vegetable oil on top of the mixture to completely cover the surface. 

Rinse the yeast suspension/sucrose/vegetable oil mixture down the sink with large amounts of water. 

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (from Torula yeast) suspension Activity 520 Units/mg protein, Sigma (Lot 13H80602), USA... 

The question of how glycolytic oscillations synchronize in a population of yeast cells is of great current interest [51]. It has long been known that the oscillations disappear in a yeast suspension when the cell density decreases below a critical value. Acetaldehyde appears to act as synchronizing factor in such suspensions [52], and the way it allows cells to synchronize is being... 

Although dilute aqueous acid hydrolyzed the methyl and benzyl a-D-fructofuranosides approximately 8 and 16 times as rapidly as sucrose, their method of preparation showed them to be unaffected by any of the enzymes active in a fermenting yeast suspension. Purified yeast invertase, proven free of a-D-glucosidases (maltases), could therefore contain no enzyme capable of hydrolyzing the above two a-D-fructo-furanosides, but did contain constituents that readily cleaved the beta isomers and also sucrose. The latter is accordingly a /S-D-fructofuranos-ide. When the evidence is put in this way, the present uncertainties as to whether purified invertase preparations include one or a number of /3-D-fructofuranosidases, and whether or not sucrose, methyl and... 

Use the bacterial and yeast suspensions within 24 hours of harvesting. 

Figure 14.5 Volume of filtrate plotted against time. Constant filtration pressure 0.1 MPa. Concentration of Baker s yeast suspension lOkgm . ...

Figure 14.6 Cross-flow filtration flux of baker s yeast suspension. Cell concentration 7%. Transmembrane pressure 0.49 bar. Flow rate 0.5 ms". ...

Fig. 3.16.2. Effect of additives on survival of Saccharomyces cerevisae CBS 1171 (SC 1171) after freeze-drying. CFU, colony-forming units A, CFU/mL before freeze-drying O, yeast suspension without additives 1, maltose 2, tre-...

Figure 7.16 An illustration of the efficiency of back-pulsing in removing fouling materials from the surface of microfiltration membranes. Direct microscopic observations of Mores and Davis [9] of cellulose acetate membranes fouled with a 0.1 wt% yeast suspension. The membrane was backflushed with permeate solution at 3 psi for various times. Reprinted from J. Membr. Sci. 189, W.D. Mores and R.H. Davis, Direct Visual Observation of Yeast Deposition and Removal During Microfiltration, p. 217, Copyright 2001, with permission from Elsevier...

Fornachon (5) in Australia found that a yeast suspension aerated and agitated in an alcoholic solution produced aldehyde. He reported his extensive research on flor sherry production to the Australian Wine Board (6). 

Method of cell disruption yeast suspension 50% wet weight is passed through a bead mill using 0.5 mm glass beads... 

Adsorbent STREAMLINE DEAE in 50 mM sodium phosphate pH 6.0 Capturing conditions 6.5% (dry weight) yeast suspension in 50 mM sodium phosphate pH 6.0, viscosity 5.0 mPa Flow rate 200 cm/hr... 

Place 5 ml of the yeast suspension in the sample chamber and repeat steps 1-41 to 1-45 inclusively. 

Figure 6.11. Effect of crossflow velocity on permeate flux of a bakers yeast suspension through a ceramic/metal mesh membrane [Gallagher, 1990]...

Figure 8.11 shows the effect of rotation speed for blbation of baker s yeast suspension and E. coU fermentabon broth [25]. In both cases, the increase in rotation speed in the range of 1000-3000 rpm, which corresponds to a range of Ta from about 2000-6000 for the test device, resulted in a substanbal increase in bux with a transition point observed at a rotation speed of 2000 rpm—this corresponds approximately to a Taylor number of 3500, where turbulent Couette bow can be assumed. 

Al-Akoum et al. [82] compared the bubbling. Dean flow, and vibrating-enhanced membrane processes in terms of the shear stress and the permeate fluxes obtained in filtration of yeast suspension. The filtration with two-phase flow was carried out using 15 mm ceramic mono tubular UF (permeability 250 L/m h bar) and MF (permeability 1500 L/m h bar) membranes with TMPs of 100 and 25 kPa for UF and MF, respectively. The yeast concentrations used in the two-phase experiments were 1... 

Brou A, Ding L, Boulnois P, and Jaffrin M, Dynamic microfiltration of yeast suspensions using rotating disks equipped with vanes, J. Membr. Sci. 2002 197 269-282. 

Al-Aloum O, Mercier-Bonin M, Ding L, Fonade C, Aptel P, and Jaffrin M, Comparison of three different systems used for flux enhancement Application to crossflow filtration of yeast suspensions. Desalination. 2002 147 31-36. 

A variety of liquids have been treated with reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration membranes ranging from seawater, to wastewater, to milk and yeast suspensions. Each liquid varies in composition and in the type and fraction of the solute(s) to be retained by the membrane. Complicating factors include the presence of substances such as oil in seawater and wastewater [12-15]. The presence of the oil normally necessitates an additional pretreatment step further complicating the fouling process. The presence of humic acids in surface water and wastewater also needs special attention [16,17]. The fouling phenomena, the preventive means (i.e., pretreatment), and the frequency and type of membrane cleaning cycle are all dependent on the type of liquid being treated. 

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