Yeast metabolic engineering

Keywords Yeast Metabolic engineering Promoter saturation Gene orientation ... 

Krivoruchko, A., Siewers, V., Nielsen, J. Opportunities for yeast metabolic engineering lessons from synthetic biology. BiotechnolJ. 2011,6,262-276. 

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Verdoes, J.C. et al., Metabolic engineering of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous Phaffia rhodozyma), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69, 3728, 2003. 

Metabolic Engineering of Taxol Production in E. coli and Yeast... 

Using rational metabolic engineering to tailor the stereoselectivity of yeast-mediated reductions is feasible only when all of the relevant genes are known and the relationships between enzyme and acceptable substrates are defined. We are far from this ideal. For a few reductase proteins, amino acid sequence data has... 

Kuyper, M., Hartog, M. M., Toirkens, M. J., Almering, M. J., Winkler, A. A., van Dijken, J. P., and Pronk, J. T., Metabolic engineering of a xylose-isomerase-expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for rapid anaerobic xylose fermentation. FEMS Yeast Res 2005, 5 (4-5), 399-409. 

With the development of metabolic engineering the role of S. cerevisiae as cell factory became further consolidated. Numerous approaches to engineer S. cerevisiae for the production of a wide range of chemicals can be found in the literature. Whereas the most promising are summarized in Table 6, we will describe below just a few examples where metabolic engineering of yeast has been applied in industrial biotechnology. 

Besides the engineering of S. cerevisiae for organic acid production, through metabolic engineering it is possible to reconstruct entire pathways. In 1994, Yamano et al. [163] reported the reconstruction of a complete secondary metabolic pathway in S. cerevisiae, resulting in the ability of the yeast to produce p-carotene and lycopene. Carotenoids are a class of pigments used in the food industry and, due to their antioxidant properties, they have wide commercial interest. The biosynthesis of these compounds does naturally not occur in S. cerevisiae and to allow... 

Nielsen J, Jewett MC (2006) Impact of systems biology on metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In 25th International specialized symposium on Yeasts (ISSY25), Blackwell, Espoo, Finland... 

Becker, J. V., Armstrong, G. O., van der Merwe, M. J., Lambrechts, M. G., Vivier, M. A., Pretoiius, 1. S. (2003) Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the synthesis of the wine-related antioxidant resveratrol. FFMS Yeast Research, 4, 79-85. 

Metabolic engineering [39, 40] has been used to impart the capacity for ethanol production and xylose fermentation in E. coli [41-45], Klebsiella oxytoca [A6,A7],Zymomonas mobilis [48,49] andS. cerevisiae [50-53]. In general, attempts at metabolic engineering have been more successful in bacteria than in yeasts. Although the reasons are not entirely clear, the smaller genomes and fewer feedback regulatory factors found in bacteria make these organisms much easier to work with. 

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