Xerographic processes

Fig. 1. (a) Steps of the xerographic process (b) schematic arrangements of hardware. 

The advantage of this process over other xerographic processes using conventional photoconductors is that the most sensitive part of the photoconductor is protected from the corrosive environment. This helps to increase the useful life of the device. The process itself, however, is rather comphcated. 

E. M. Williams, The Physics and Technology of Xerographic Processes Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1984. 

From a commercial standpoint, except in the case of matnre technology associated with the xerographic process, the present state of development of amorphous... 

Por further consideration of such a powerful instrument, it is helpful to provide information about the xerographic process (although the latter is well described in the scientific literature). 

A transfer material has been developed for transferring monochrome and full-color images produced by a xerographic process or a dry toner printing onto a substrate. The process requires the use of a film from TPX as the transfer material. This material is used to transfer the xerographic or dry toner image onto the substrate with the application of heat and pressure (27). 

Xerographic processes are used in photocopying, microfilm enlarging, facsimile printing and the printing of computer data. 

Koppers Process (44). In the Koppers "Book Keeper" process, the books are treated with submicron particles of basic metal oxides, hydroxides, or salts of calcium, magnesium, or zinc. The particles can be applied in the paper making process or to the finished paper by electrostatic transfer such as in a xerographic process, by a dispersion in a gas, or by a suspension in an inert liquid. In the case of a liquid suspension of the particles, the liquids chosen are halogenated hydrocarbons. Typical liquids include Dupont Freon Fluorocarbons such as Freon 11 (trichloromonofluoromethane),... 

In electronics, fluoroacrylates are used as resists in high-density electronic integrated circuits, and as protective coatings in printed circuit boards.29 They are also often used in xerographic process for negative charge control.30... 

The basic steps of the xerographic processes may be schematized as follows ... 

Measurements such as illustrated in Fig. 16 are also widely used for system evaluation. By dividing the overall xerographic process into exposure, photoreceptor, and development subsystems, then describing each subsystem with an appropriate transfer function, the output image density can be related to the input density through a four-quadrant plot (Paxton, 1978 Pai and Melnyk, 1986). In such a manner, the effects of changes in the various subsystems on the output image density can be readily determined. 

Early developments in xerography have been reviewed by Carlson (1965) and Schaffert (1965, 1975). More recent work has been reviewed by Scharfe (1984), Williams (1984), Mort (1989), and Schein (1988, 1992, 1995). These reviews are largely concerned with various steps in the xerographic process and... 

Kodak Corporation was offered and turned down both the xerographic process and the instant camera. Consequently, Kodak lost their copy market to the newly formed Xerox Corporation. They gained a formidable competitor in the photographic business from the newly formed Polaroid Corporation. Now both of these corporations. Xerox and Polaroid, are them selves having problems because they did not keep up with the changing times in their respective industries. 

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