X-radiography

In the examination of works of art on paper, the variations in density are often too small to be revealed by conventional x-radiography. Instead, much benefit has been derived from beta-radiography, where the P-radiation is provided by an extended radioisotope source, typically a sheet of plastic in... 

A variation on the conventional technique of x-radiography is xeroradiography, where imaging is obtained by electrostatic rather than photographic means. Because of special merits such as edge enhancement and improved texture rendition, this technique has certain advantages, eg, in the study of ceramics (39). 

Currie, J. N., 11 8 Curry powder, 23 166-167 Curtain coating, 7 20-21 method summarized, 7 5t shear rates, 7 32t Curtain spin process, 17 473-474 Curtius degradation, 2 573 Curved surgical needles, 24 206-207 Curve-fitting procedures, 14 237 Cusping, in fine art X-radiography,... 

When X-radiography studies are not possible, theoretical calculations and spectroscopic studies can help in the structural characterization of C02 complexes. The most largely used as a diagnostic tool is infrared (IR) spectroscopy, both for the quantitative determination of C02 and for structural analysis. 

Scheme 7.6 X-radiography-derived structures of isolated di-n-butyltin(IV) compounds.

Moore, W.S. and Krishnaswami, S., 1974. Correlation of x-radiography revealed banding in corals with radiometric growth rates. Proc. Second Internat. Symp. on Coral Reefs, Great Barrier Reef Committee, Brisbane, 2 269—276. 

Carr, Christopher, and J.C. Komorowski. 1995. Identifying the mineralogy of rock temper in ceramics using X-radiography. American Antiquity 60 723-749. 

X-radiography X-rays that pass through heterogeneous media such as sediments are absorbed by certain components. Passing X-rays are captured on an X-ray sensitive film where they produce radiographs of the sediment structure. 

Chemical Industry Detection of Weld defects of all X-radiography... 

Indigenously developed Pu rich mixed carbide fuel is chosen as driver fiiel for Mark I Since the fuel is new, it is proposed to ascertain its performance through Post Irradiation Examination (PIE) and increase the reactor power in a phased manner. Detailed PIE has been carried out in inerted shielded cells on one irradiated fuel subassembly (SA) at a bumup of 25,000 MW-d/t at a peak linear heat rating (LHR) of 320 W/cm (Fig 4). PIE included visual examination, dimensional measurement, leak testing, eddy current testii, X-radiography and metallography. The observations were shining appearance of the fuel pins. 

X-radiography is used to detect problems in the honeycomb cores of bonded sandwich structures. Thermography can locate flaws in continuous... 

Visual examination of the Subassembly and the fuel pins indicated their good health. Dimensional measurement on the SA and fuel pins revealed that there is no significant deformation or distortion either on the hex-can or on the fuel pins. Eddy current testing (ECT) and X-radiography did not reveal any defect in the fuel pin clad. Increase in stack length varied from 4.07 to 5.32 mm (i.e. an average increase in stack length of 1.44%). 

Neutron radiography of the pins was carried out for the first time and the results were comparable with X-radiography results. There was no evidence of any abnormality or redistribution of actinides in neutron radiography. The fission gases were extracted and analyzed. The total gas release into the plenum (Xe+Kr) was found to be varying from 6 to 22% for 50 000 MWd/T fuel compared to 1 to 3% for 25 000 MWd/T fuel. Metallography of cut -cross section revealed that no restmcturing of fuel had taken place. However reduction in porosity was noticed for 50 000 MWd/T fuel compared to 25 000 MWd/T fuel. 

The most frequently used NDT techniques for polymer matrix composites are ultrasonics and X-radiography... 

Hoffman JR, Mower WR, Wolfson AB, et al. (2000) Validity of a set of clinical criteria to rule out injury to the cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma. National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study Group. N Engl J Med... 

Hoffman JR, Wolfson AB, Todd K, et al. (1998) Selective cervical spine radiography in blunt trauma methodology of the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS). Ann Emerg Med 32 461-469... 

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