Wurtz, Charles

The transition is also marked by the now steady influx of Parisian chemists of reputation. Wurtz, Charles Friedel, Marcellin Berthelot, Charles Barreswil, Jean Barral and Franfois Cloez, among others, all became members in May and June in all, the first ten months of 1858 saw an increase in membership from 14 to 63. Girard was elected president for the last seven months of 1858. Simultaneously, Wurtz consolidated plans for the publication by the society of a Repertoire de chimie pure and a parallel Repertoire de chimie appliquee, the former edited by Wurtz and the latter by Charles Barreswil. These publications were placed under the explicit auspices of the society, but without drawing any... 

Shortly thereafter but independently of Kekule Archibald S Couper a Scot working m the laboratory of Charles Adolphe Wurtz at the Ecole de Medicine m Pans and Alexan der Butlerov a Russian chemist at the University of Kazan proposed similar theories... 

Combes, A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1888, 49, 89. Alphonse-Edmond Combes (1858—1896) was bom in St. Hippolyte-du-Fort, France. He apprenticed with Wurtz at Paris. He also collaborated with Charles Friedel of the Friedel-Crafts reaction fame. He became the president of the French Chemical Society in 1893 at the age of 35. His sudden death shortly after his 38 birthday was a great loss to organic chemistry. 

Friedel, C. Crafts, J. M. Compt. Rend. 1877, 84, 1392. Charles Friedel (1832-1899) was born in Strasbourg, France. He earned his Ph.D. in 1869 under Wurtz at Sorbonne and became a professor and later chair (1884) of organic chemistry at Sorbonne. Friedel was one of the founders of the French Chemical Society and served as its president for four terms. James Mason Crafts (1839-1917) was bom in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied under Bunsen and Wurtz in his youth and became a professor at Cornell and MIT. From 1874 to 1891, Crafts collaborated with Friedel at Ecole de Mines in Paris, where they discovered the Friedel-Crafts reaction. He returned to MIT... 

The offending papers were published almost simultaneously in 1874. Although they were completely independent of one another and argued in very different ways, they arrived at the same conclusions. Yan t Hoff had studied in the Netherlands, then worked for a while under Kekule in Germany. Then he worked in Charles-Adolphe Wurtz s laboratory in Paris, where he met Le Bel. Le Bel had studied at the Ecole Polytechnique, the great French scientific and technical school that trained technical officers for the army. 

Charles Riedel 11632-99), a French -chemist, and James Crafts 1639 1917). an American mfriing -engineer." bpth gtudeil frith Wurtz fcrjd... 

Zaitsev first studied chemistry at the University of Kazan under Aleksandr Butlerov and earned his diploma degree in 1862 he studied in Western Europe under Hermann Kolbe and Charles Wurtz.2 Zaitsev earned his Ph.D. degree in 1866 from the University of Leipzig under Kolbe.2... 

In Paris Cleve visited the research laboratory of chemist Charles-Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884). The laboratory was unique in Europe in its attraction of young chemists, and here Cleve made many friends. Wurtz drew Cleve s attention to complex metal compounds. At age twenty-one Cleve published his first research paper on a complex chromium compound he had prepared and analyzed. In this paper he demonstrated that the compound was chromium trichloride-ammonia-water (in a 1 4 1 ratio). He later turned to the study of complex platinum compounds, of which he prepared hundreds. In 1872 Cleve, now thirty-two years old, published the results of this study in the Transactions of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 

Ethylene glycol was first prepared in 1859 by the French chemist Charles Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884). Wurtz s discovery did not find an application, however, until the early twentieth century, when the compound was manufactured for use in World War I (1914-1918) in the manufacture of explosives and as a coolant. By the 1930s, a number of uses for the compound had been found, and the chemical industry began producing ethylene glycol in large quantities. 

Ethylene glycol and ethylene oxide are first prepared by French chemist Charles Adolphe Wurtz. 

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