Platinum complex compounds

In modem chemotherapy platinum complex compounds are some of the most efficient anticancer drugs. Platidiam is manufactured in a lyophilizate form in vials, the components ratio is 10 mg of cfr-platinum, 100 mg of manitol, and 90 mg of sodium chloride. It is a yellow powder soluble in water, physiological solutions, and dimethylformamide.10... 

Table 4 Structural data for platinum complexes Compound...

The platinum compounds are also alternately referred to as platinum complexes, compounds, and conjugates. Here we will use all of these designations. 

Several N-(chloromethyl)pyridinium platinum complexes have been described in the literature [89JOM255 92JCR(S)296 92JOM155]. Interestingly, 2-pyridyl platinum(II) complexes 11 and 12, having been dissolved in dichloromethane, are slowly N-alkylated by the solvent, yielding the N-(chloromethyl)pyridinium compounds 13 (76%) and 14 (77%) (Scheme 3). 

C and weighed. The precipitate is almost insoluble in hot water, but dissolves readily in ammonia and cyanide solutions. Gold is reduced to the metal by the reagent, and platinum (if present in appreciable quantity) is partially precipitated either as a greenish complex compound or as the metal, upon boiling the solution. The precipitation of palladium is not complete in the presence of nitrates. 

The most important of the tertiary phosphine complexes of platinum(IV) are Pt(QR3)2X4, generally prepared by halogen oxidation [174] of cis- or trans-Pt(QR3)2X2 (Q = P, As, R = alkyl Q = Sb, R = Me), since direct reaction of the platinum(IV) halides with the ligands leads to reduction. Once made, the platinum(IV) compounds are stable to reduction ... 

Compared with the plethora of platinum(IV) compounds, the palladium(IV) complexes are as yet relatively few in number [10, 11]. When isolable, they tend to resemble the corresponding platinum compounds. 

The use of this phosphine facilitates assignment of configuration as virtual coupling is observed when the phosphines are trans (section 2.9.5).) Syntheses follow established routes using methyllithium as an alkylating agent the platinum(iV) complexes can be made by direct alkylation of platinum(IV) compounds or by oxidative addition to platinum(II) species. 

DNA polymerases, 5, 1007 Trans effect, 1,16, 26, 315 metal complexes, 2, 705, palladium(II) amine complexes, 5, 1115 platinum complexes, 5, 353, 493 six-coordinate compounds. 1, 49 T ransestcrification metal alkoxide synthesis, 2, 340 Transferases zinc, S, 1002... 

A derivative of cyclopentyne has been trapped in a matrix. Although cycloheptyne and cyclohexyne have not been isolated at room temperatures, Pt(0) complexes of these compounds have been prepared and are stable." The smallest cyclic allene" so far isolated is l-/err-butyl-l,2-cyclooctadiene 107." The parent 1,2-cyclooctadiene has not been isolated. It has been shown to exist transiently, but rapidly dimerizes." " The presence of the rert-butyl group apparently prevents this. The transient existence of 1,2-cycloheptadiene has also been shown," and both 1,2-cyclooctadiene and 1,2-cycloheptadiene have been isolated in platinum complexes." 1,2-Cyclohexadiene has been trapped at low temperatures, and its structure has been proved by spectral smdies." Cyclic allenes in general are less strained than their acetylenic isomers." The cyclic cumulene 1,2,3-cyclononatriene has also been synthesized and is reasonably stable in solution at room temperature in the absence of air." ... 

A novel chiral dissymmetric chelating Hgand, the non-stabiUzed phosphonium ylide of (R)-BINAP 44, allowed in presence of [Rh(cod)Cl]2 the synthesis of a new type of eight-membered metallacycle, the stable rhodium(I) complex 45, interesting for its potential catalytic properties (Scheme 19) [81]. In contrast to the reactions of stabihzed ylides with cyclooctadienyl palladium or platinum complexes (see Scheme 20), the cyclooctadiene is not attacked by the carbanionic center. Notice that the reactions of ester-stabilized phosphonium ylides of BINAP with rhodium(I) (and also with palladium(II)) complexes lead to the formation of the corresponding chelated compounds but this time with an equilibrium be-... 

Determine the molecular formulas, name these compounds, and draw the structures of the platinum complexes. 

Table 7.11 Pt (99 keV) isomer shifts 6 in platinum(II) and platinmn(IV) complex compounds at 4.2 K (relative to platinum metal, from [326])...

Miscellaneous.- The planar 10-P-3 compound (162) forms a platinum complex (163) in which the ligand is bent (has the normal 8-P-3 94... 

Square-planar ds platinum complexes could perhaps be used as the chemically sensitive layer for a chemical sensor system. These complexes are robust and form colored solid-state materials that respond spectroscopically to a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) this process has been named vapochromism. The vapochromic shifts occur in the solid-state UV-vis,... 

Platinum(O) phosphine complexes undergo a variety of oxidative addition reactions with compounds containing Group 14 elements. These reactions are of widespread interest because similar processes are probably involved in the catalysis by platinum complexes of reactions such as the hydrosilation of alkenes and the disilylation of dienes and alkenes. 

The sulfate bridged dimer K2[Pt2(S04)4(H20)2] was among the first platinum(III) compounds prepared and the analogous hydrogenphosphate bridged complexes [Pt2(HP04)4(L)2]2+ are... 

Chiral bis-(binaphthophosphole) (bis(BNP)) ligands have been used in the asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene. In solution, the free diphospholes display fluxional behavior. Consistent with their structure, the reaction of the bis(BNP) compounds with platinum(II) derivatives gives either cis chelate mononuclear complexes or trans phosphorus-bridged polynuclear derivatives. Coordination to platinum enhances the conformational stability of bis(BNP)s and diastereomeric complexes can be detected in solution. In the presence of SnCl2, the platinum complexes give rise to catalysts that exhibit remarkable activity in the hydroformylation of styrene. Under optimum conditions, reaction takes place with high branched selectivity (80-85%) and moderate enantio-selectivity (up to 45% ee). 

PLATINUM COMPLEXES AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS 9.18.2.1 Clinically Used Anticancer Agents. CA-platinum Compounds... 

The polynuclear platinum compounds stand in vivid contrast to mononuclear platinum complexes because the predominant DNA lesions are long-range inter- and intrastrand cross-links where the sites of platination may be separated by up to four base pairs. The consequent structural and conformational changes in DNA are also distinct. 

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