Wound clean

Absorbent viscose Wound cleaning, swabbing. Any method... 

Most complications include infection, and leakage of air and bowel content. It is therefore important to keep the wound clean and well dressed. Leakage is prevented by daily checking of the external bolster for loosening. Conversely, too tight fixation may cause pressure necrosis and dislocation of the internal bolster into the gastric wall. 

Most electroless silver appHcations are for silvering glass or metallizing record masters. Mirror production is the principal usage for electroless silver. The glass support is cleaned, catalyzed using a two-step catalyst, and coated on one side with an opaque silver film (46). Silver-plated nylon cloth is used as a bacteriostatic wound dressing. A tiny current appHed to the cloth causes slow silver dissolution. The silver acts as a bactericide (47). 

All minor cuts should be cleaned thoroughly and covered with a suitable dressing. After controlling bleeding, if there is a risk of a foreign body in the wound do not attempt to remove it, but cover loosely and take patient to a doctor or hospital, as should be done if there is any doubt about the severity of the wound. 

At present there is only one commercially available tissue adhesive with approved on-label indications for skin closure. 2-Octyl-cyanoacrylate (Dermabond, Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ) is presently indicated for skin closure in wounds which are not under extreme tension. This tissue adhesive is approved for topical skin application only. It is not indicated for internal use. The material is useful in closing traumatic skin lacerations [4,5] after wounds have been thoroughly cleaned as well as for minimally invasive surgical incisions and even larger surgical incisions in elective cases. The cyanoacrylate is applied while the skin... 

RO membrane performance in the utility industry is a function of two major factors the membrane material and the configuration of the membrane module. Most utility applications use either spiral-wound or hollow-fiber elements. Hollow-fiber elements are particularly prone to fouling and, once fouled, are hard to clean. Thus, applications that employ these fibers require a great deal of pretreatment to remove all suspended and colloidal material in the feed stream. Spiral-wound modules (refer to Figure 50), due to their relative resistance to fouling, have a broader range of applications. A major advantage of the hollow-fiber modules, however, is the fact that they can pack 5000 ft of surface area in a 1 ft volume, while a spiral wound module can only contain 300 ftVff. 

Ultrafiltration Tubular, capillary and spiral-wound modules all used. Tubular generally limited to highly fouling feeds (automotive paint), spiral-wound to clean feeds (ultrapure water). 

Spiral-wound modules consist of several flat membranes separated by turbulence-promoting mesh separators and formed into a Swiss roll (Figure 16.18). The edges of the membranes are sealed to each other and to a central perforated tube. This produces a cylindrical module which can be installed within a pressure tube. The process feed enters at one end of the pressure tube and encounters a number of narrow, parallel feed channels formed between adjacent sheets of membrane. Permeate spirals roward the perforated central tube for collection. A standard size spiral-wound module has a diameter of about 0.1m, a length of about 0.9 m and contains about 5 m2 of membrane area. Up to six such modules may be installed in series in a single pressure tube. These modules make better use of space than tubular or flat sheet types, but they are rather prone to fouling and difficult to clean. 

A reeent development is the use of spray-on dressings. A convenient type is an acrylie polymer dissolved in ethyl aeetate and packed as an aerosol. This should be self-sterilizing. The film after applieation is able to maintain the sterility of a clean wound for up to 2 weeks. However, they can only be used on clean, relahvely dry wounds. 

Debridement can be accomplished by surgical or mechanical means (wet-to-dry dressing changes). Other effective therapies are hydrotherapy, wound irrigation, and dextranomers. Pressure sores should be cleaned with normal saline. 

If the immunization history of a patient with anything other than a clean minor wound is not known, tetanus/diphtheria toxoids should be administered. Both tetanus/diphtheria toxoids and tetanus immune globulin should be administered to patients who have never been immunized. 

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