World nutrition

Nahuatl, edible root), is an important contribution to world nutrition in addition to have been used by the native population as a cold nature remedy to reduce excessive body heat (A The Latin description in this illustration from the Badianus Manuscript reads Contra cordis calorem, for heat in the heart Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis, 1552. Fol. 28v. CONACULTA-INAH-MEX, with permission of the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia , Mexico). 

Young, V. R., Scrimshaw, N. S., and Pellet, P. L. (1998). Significance of dietary protein source in world nutrition animal and/or plant protein In Feeding a World Population of More Than 8 Billion People A Challenge to Science", (J. C. Waterlow, D. G. Armstrong,... 

ACC/SNC. (2000). Fourth Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Geneva ACC/SNC in collaboration with IFPRI. pp. 27-29. 

United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination/ Sub-Committee on Nutrition (2000) 4th Report on World Nutrition Situation - Nutrition Throughout the Life Cyde. Available from... 

By-products of Malting and Brewing Types of Beers and Related Drinks Beers of the World Nutritive Value of Ordinary Beer Mental and Physical Effects of Beer Drinking Beneficial Effects Harmful Effects... 

This is a specialized agency of the United Nations established by 44 countries in 1945 in Quebec, Canada, partially in response to the awareness of world nutrition... 

An estimation of the amount of amino acid production and the production methods are shown ia Table 11. About 340,000 t/yr of L-glutamic acid, principally as its monosodium salt, are manufactured ia the world, about 85% ia the Asian area. The demand for DL-methionine and L-lysiae as feed supplements varies considerably depending on such factors as the soybean harvest ia the United States and the anchovy catch ia Pern. Because of the actions of D-amiao acid oxidase and i.-amino acid transamiaase ia the animal body (156), the D-form of methionine is as equally nutritive as the L-form, so that DL-methionine which is iaexpensively produced by chemical synthesis is primarily used as a feed supplement. In the United States the methionine hydroxy analogue is partially used ia place of methionine. The consumption of L-lysiae has iacreased ia recent years. The world consumption tripled from 35,000 t ia 1982 to 100,000 t ia 1987 (214). Current world consumption of L-tryptophan and i.-threonine are several tens to hundreds of tons. The demand for L-phenylalanine as the raw material for the synthesis of aspartame has been increasing markedly. 

Plant nutrient sulfur has been growing in importance worldwide as food production trends increase while overall incidental sulfur inputs diminish. Increasing crop production, reduced sulfur dioxide emissions, and shifts in fertilizer sources have led to a global increase of crop nutritional sulfur deficiencies. Despite the vital role of sulfur in crop nutrition, most of the growth in world fertilizer consumption has been in sulfiir-free nitrogen and phosphoms fertilizers (see Fertilizers). 

Chlorine. Nearly all chlorine compounds are readily soluble in water. As a result, the major reservoir for this element in Figure 1 is the ocean (5). Chloride, as noted earHer, is naturally present at low levels in rain and snow, especially over and near the oceans. Widespread increases in chloride concentration in mnoff in much of the United States can be attributed to the extensive use of sodium chloride and calcium chloride for deicing of streets and highways. Ref. 19 points out the importance of the increased use of deicing salt as a cause of increased chloride concentrations in streams of the northeastern United States and the role of this factor in the chloride trends in Lake Ontario. Increases in chloride concentration also can occur as a result of disposal of sewage, oil field brines, and various kinds of industrial waste. Thus, chloride concentration trends also can be considered as an index of the alternation of streamwater chemistry by human development in the industrialized sections of the world. Although chlorine is an essential element for animal nutrition, it is of less importance for other life forms. 

FAO Nutrition Meetings Report, Series No. 40 A,B,C, Pood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations World Health Organization, New York, 1967, p. 134. 

The isothiazole ring does not occur in nature. By far the most important synthetic isothiazole derivative is saccharin. This was the first non-carbohydrate sweetening agent to be discovered, as long ago as 1879. It is about 300 times as sweet as sucrose, and is still used in many countries as a non-nutritive sweetener. After it was found that administration of massive doses to rats caused bladder cancer, its use was banned in the New World, but the controversy continues as to whether there is any danger when it is used in small quantity. Saccharin is also used as an additive in electroplating processes (73AHC(15)233). 

N. Roland, L. Nugon-Baudon and S. Rabot, in Intestinal Flora, Immunity Nutrition and Health, ed. A. P. Siinopoulos, T. Con ing and A. Rerat, World Reviews of Nutrition and Dietetics, Karger, Basel, 1993, vol. 74, pp. 123-148. 

The purpose of providing food is to feed the population. Previous concerns for world starvation have been abated in view of recent trends, albeit that pockets of starvation and inadequate nutrition exist. Increasing population without increasing food availability can lead to starvation or inadequate nutrition. 

The epidemiological evidence suggests that diet is a significant factor in the development of cancer. In their classic epidemiological study, Doll and Peto (1981) estimated that diet was responsible for as many as 35% of cancers in the West. An encyclopaedic report on nutrition and cancer by the World Cancer Research Fund (1997) has confirmed the central importance of diet as a major determinant of many forms of cancer across the globe. The interactions between diet and the biological processes leading to the... 

Cancer sites CNERNA (France 1996) World Cancer Research Fimd (USA 1997) COMA Food and Nutrition Policy (UK 1998)... 

World Cancer Research Fund (1997) Colon, tecXma ,Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer A Global Perspective, 216-51, Washington DC, American Institute for Cancer Research. 

KUHNAU j (1976) The flavonoids. A class of semi-essential food components their role in human nutrition , World Rev Nutr Diet, 24, 117-91. 

On the GM debate and biosafety research, a review of results performed under the European Commission supervision ( EC-sponsored Research on Safety of Genetically Modified Organisms , edited by C. Kessler and I. Economidis) is available also online at the EU-website http //europa.eu.int/ comm/research/quality-of-life/gmo/. An update on current research in food safety, nutrition and food-related disease might be found in the websites of the World Health Organization, http //www.who.int/fsf/GMfood/index.htm, and of the UK Food Standards Agency, http //www.foodstandards.gov.uk/. 

WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND (1997) Food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer a global perspective. American Institute for Cancer Research, Washington DC, USA. 

The 2000 U.S. Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary, USP 24-NF 19, was published in October 1999. It became official on 01.01.2000. USP-NF is one of, if not the most, widely recognized of the world s pharmacopoeial compendia of standards for drug strength, quality, purity, packaging, labelling and storage. USP-NF also provides standards for devices and diagnostics, as well as nutritional supplements. 

Dairy proteins are rich in nutrients and occupy a unique place of importance in food and human nutrition because of their wide acceptance in the world. Milk proteins are important in the diet because of the many health benefits associated with their consumption. The proteins have long been recognized as natural sources of health enhancing bioactive peptides because of their stmctural and physicochemical components as recently reviewed by Livney (2010). 

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