Forests world

Perrson, Reidar, "World Forest Resources Review of the World s Forest Resources in the Early 1970 s Royal College of Forestry, Stockholm, 1974. 

The paper used for this book is FSC-certified and totally chlorine-free. FSC (the Forest Stewardship Council) is an international network to promote responsible management of the worlds forests. 

FAO, Food and Agriculture Organisation. (1997). State of the Worlds Forests 1997. FAO, Rome. 

WCMC, World Conservation Monitoring Centre. (1997). Generalized World Forest Map. Cambridge World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Internet-Datei http //www.wcmc.org.uk/forest/data/wfm.html. 

EAO (2003) State of the worlds forest 2003. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, 151 pp. (http //www.fao.Org/DOCREP/005/Y7581E/Y7581E00.HTM)... 

Chudnoff, C.H. (1980). Tropical Timbers of the World. Forest Products Laboratory, USDA-Forest Service, Madison, WS. pp 370-644. 

Human activity, particularly in the developing world, continues to make it more difficult to sustain the world s biomass growth areas. It has been estimated that tropical forests are disappearing at a rate of tens of thousands of hm per year. Satellite imaging and field surveys show that Brazil alone has a deforestation rate of approximately 8 x 10 hm /yr (5). At a mean net carbon yield for tropical rain forests of 9.90 t/hm yr (4) (4.42 short ton /acreyr), this rate of deforestation corresponds to a loss of 79.2 x 10 t/yr of net biomass carbon productivity. 

As of 1995, the forest industry in the United States employed about 1.6 million people and produced products valued at over 200 biUion each year, approximately 20 biUion of which was in exports. There were 350 pulp mills, 600 paper and board mills, and ca 4500 converting plants in the United States producing ca 30% of the total world production. The United States and Western Europe, which represent ca 13% of the world population, consumed about 60% of production. 

Grain that is usable as food or feed is an expensive substrate for this fermentation process. A cheaper substrate might be some source of cellulose such as wood or agricultural waste. This, however, requires hydrolysis of cellulose to yield glucose. Such a process was used in Germany during World War II to produce yeast as a protein substitute. Another process for the hydrolysis of wood, developed by the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, uses mineral acid as a catalyst. This hydrolysis industry is very large in the former Soviet Union but it is not commercial elsewhere. 

We can take as an example worldwide papermaking that now consumes forests at a rate that is supposedly difficult to replace. Unlike the uses for wood, which are generally long-term use goods, most wood pulp paper is used for newspapers, business world, and periodicals or publications that are read and usually discarded, loading our solid waste disposal system and adding mountains to our trash. 

Plastic papers have been developed as substitutes for these cellulose papers, but the economics are poor since the plastics are more costly. Also plastics weigh tend to be more than the cellulose paper. So it is possible to save the forests (does it really need it since it is easy to replenish as the past century proved). Did you know when America was discovered and up until the end of the 19th century there were literally no trees when compared to those in USA now and any depletion can be replaced and even expanded (as one knows who is learned in this field). Another factor related to this tree myth is that when the world started its Computerized World it was said by many that much less paper would be required. Of course much more is used and required. 

Contemporary forest declines were initiated about 1950-1960, virtually simultaneously throughout the industrial world at the same time as damage to aquatic systems and structures became apparent. A broad array of natural and anthropogenic stresses have been identified as components of a complex web of primary causal factors that vary in time and space, interact among each other, affect various plant growth and development systems and may result in the death of trees in mountainous ecosystems. As these ecosystems decline, the alterations in forest ecology, independent of the initial causal complex, become themselves additional stress factor complexes leading to further alterations. 

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