Wood fragrances

C17H26O, Mr 246.39, is a long-lasting wood fragrance which is prepared by acetylation of cedarwood oil fractions that contain sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, mainly a-cedrene and thujopsene. Acetylation is carried out in the presence of an acidic... 

C13H26O, Mr 198.35, does not occur in nature. It is a clear, colorless to pale yellowish liquid, 0.910-0.915, Uq 1.472-1.475, with a woody, cedarlike odor. It can be prepared from dodecanol sodium by reaction with methyl halogenide. It is used as a stable wood fragrance in technical perfumery. 

Cedrol is important in the perfumery industry—it has a cedar wood fragrance. Corey s synthesis includes this step—the acid (toluenesulfonic acid) catalyses both the El elimination and the hydrolysis of the acetal. 

Cyclic ethers used as fragrances include a number of terpenoid compounds. Some of them, such as 1,4-cineole [470-67-7] and 1,8-cineole, occur in essential oils in significant quantities. Others are only minor components examples are rose oxide, ner-ol oxide [1786-08-9], and rose furan [15186-51-3], which contribute to the specific fragrance of rose oil. Caryophyllene oxide [1139-30-6], which has a woody, slightly ambergris-like odor, can be prepared by treatment of -caryophyllene with organic peracids. a-Cedrene oxide [11000-57-0] is another wood-fragrance compound, which can be easily prepared by epoxidation of cedarwood oil hydrocarbons. 

Wood rosin process Woodruffite Wood shakes Wood shingles Wood smoke Woods strike Wood stain Wood stains Woodward s synthesis Wood waste Wood waste ash Wood wastes Woody fragrances Woody odor... 

Sandalwood Oil, East Indian. The use of sandalwood oil for its perfumery value is ancient, probably extending back some 4000 years. Oil from the powdered wood and roots of the tree Santalum album L. is produced primarily in India, under government control. Good quaUty oil is a pale yellow to yellow viscous Hquid characterized by an extremely soft, sweet—woody, almost ariimal—balsarnic odor. The extreme tenacity of the aroma makes it an ideal blender—fixative for woody-Oriental—floral fragrance bases. It also finds extensive use for the codistillation of other essential oils, such as rose, especially in India. There the so-called attars are made with sandalwood oil distilled over the flowers or by distillation of these flowers into sandalwood oil. The principal constituents of sandalwood oil are shown in Table 11 (37) and Figure 2. 

Amyris Oil. Obtained by steam distillation of the wood of y m hakamijera L., the so-called West Indian sandalwood which is indigenous to northern South America, Central America, and the West Indies, amyris oil [8015-65-4] is a pale yellow to brownish yellow viscous oil with a slightly oily-sweet and occasionally peppery balsamic woody note. It finds use as a blender and fixative for soap fragrances. The volatile constituents, which are primarily hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, are shown in Table 22 and Figure 5 (63). 

Essential Oils. Essential oils are produced by distillation of flowers, leaves, stems, wood, herbs, roots, etc. Distillations can be done directly or with steam. The technique used depends mosdy on the desired constituents of the starting material. Particular care must be taken in such operations so that undesired odors are not introduced as a result of pyrolytic reactions. This is a unique aspect of distillation processing in the flavor and fragrance industry. In some cases, essential oils are obtained by direct expression of certain fmits, particular of the citms family. These materials maybe used as such or as distillation fractions from them (see Oils, essential). 

The tricyclic fragrances of cedar wood, cedrene and cedrol, were synthesized by several routes involving cation-olefin cyclization. 

On Wednesday night, designer fragrances perfumed the air like incense. Packed to its imported worm-eaten raw-wood rafters, Spice Market reminded me of the banquet scene in The Temple of Doom, when Willie Scott, Indy s blond nightclub singer sidekick, declines a platter of insects by saying, No thanks, I had bugs for lunch. ... 

Vetiver oil is used in fine fragrances for long-lasting precious-wood notes. It is also used as starting material for vetiveryl acetate (see p.74). FCT 1974 (12) p. 1013 [8016-94-4], [84238-29-9]. 

Terpenes are obtained either by processing wood in the kraft process in paper production or by collecting resins and turpentine from conifers. The scale of produced terpenoids in comparison with fats and oils is small. Applications for terpenes are in pure form as solvents, as odorous substances, or in dyes. Most terpenoids contain double bonds which are readily available to perform chemical reactions. A widespread component of turpentine is a-pinene, from which many fragrances are produced. A further often-used resource is myrcene, which is obtained by pyrolysis of (3-pinene. Myrcene is an important base chemical to produce, for example, the fragrances nerol and geraniol [7]. 

It is well known that wax mixed with sawdust makes a fine incendiary. It is not as well known that commercially available pressed-wood "fire logs" are composed of exactly the same materials and can be easily modified for use as incendiaries. Buy the cheapest ones available. The only differences between them are the chemicals that the high-priced ones have to make their flames prettier and the type of wood used (some use cedar for fragrance). For incendiary purposes, how the fire looks or smells is of no consequence. 

We designate as natural all materials that are obtained from natural sources by the application of physical separation techniques such as distillation and extraction. Natural products have been used for many thousands of years as the raw materials of perfumery. Entire plants, flowers, fruits, seeds, leaves, as well as woods, roots, and the resins they exude, are all sources of fragrance materials. Similarly the scent glands of animals such as the civet cat and the musk deer have been used since early civilization to provide perfume for humans. 

Alcohols occur widely in nature. Methanol is also known as wood alcohol because it can be obtained by distilling wood in the absence of air. It is very poisonous and can cause blindness or death if ingested. Ethanol is consumed in alcoholic beverages. Other simple alcohols, such as 2-phenylethanol from roses and menthol from peppermint, are constituents of natural flavors and fragrances. Alcohols are important intermediates in chemical synthesis. They are also commonly used as solvents for various chemical processes. Ethylene glycol is used in antifreeze and in the preparation of polymers such as Dacron. 

---