Wood fiber reinforced composites

To remove volatile degradation products and hence minimize void formation during processing, some of the fibers were heat-treated in an oven for one hour 

Face fiber Heat treatment Sizing (%) Flexural strength (MPa) Flexural modulus (GPa) Tensile strength (MPa) Tensile modulus (GPa) 

Virgin nylon 6 and nylon 6 PCC were compounded with different pulps and injection molded. In most cases these samples were prepared by dry blending, injection molding, coarse grinding and injection molding again. All the wood species (flour, thermomechanical pulp (TMP), kraftpulp and newsprint) increased the modulus and strength of the injection molded carpet samples - see Table 13.5. 

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J.-R. Schauder. Exxelor coupling agents for wood fibers reinforced composites. In Wood fibre Polymer Composites Symposium. Application and Trends, Bordeaux, France, March 27-28, 2003. 

Bledzki A. K. Faruk O. Huque M. Physico-mechanical studies of wood fiber reinforced composites. Plastics Technology and Engineering, vol.41, No.3, (2002), p>p. 435-451. 

Reinsch V.E., Kelley S.S., Crystallization of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) in wood fiber-reinforced composites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci, 64(9), 1997, 1785-1796. 

Keywords wood fiber, reinforcing, composite, reactive extrusion, automotive engineering applications, compounding, compatibilization, economics, sawdust. 

Bledzki, A.K., Faruk, O., Huque, M., Physico-mechanical studied of wood fiber reinforced composites, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 41 (3), 435-451 (2002). 

Composites Both UV and EB cures are employed for the production of wood composite materials and in fiber-reinforced composites for aircraft and aerospace applications. The EB technology has been successful in the manufacture of large structures that exceed the size of autoclaves, and in curing adhesive joints in cases where uniform radiation can be provided more easily than uniform heat. In industrial and consumer applications, multiple combinations of different reinforcing fibers can be co-cured in one cycle by EB with considerably lower residual stresses than those introduced by thermal cure.16... 

It should also be mentioned that the application of wood nanocellulose prepared by the described techniques - where the cell wall is further disintegrated by mechanical treatment - leads to lower-strength cellulose fiber-reinforced composites than in the corresponding BC materials [34]. 

R. J. Wood, S. Avadhanula, R. Sahai, E. Steltz, and R. S. Fearing, Microrobot design using fiber reinforced composites. J Mech Design 130 p. 052304 (2008). 

U.S. Pat. No. 7,022,751 [111] describes a fiber-reinforced composite plastic material comprising thermoplastic polymers such as HDPE, LDPE, polypropylene, PVC, and polystyrene a high melting point waste polymer fiber material such as polyethylene terephthalate and nylon, an inorganic filler, such as glass and other material, and an organic filler such as wood or particles of a thermoset plastic, such as rubber and polyurethane foam. 

K. Williams. Automotive industry uses of natural fiber reinforced composites. In The Global Outlook for Natural Fiber Wood Composites 2003, Intertech, New Orleans, LA, December 2003. 

J. Simonsen, R. Jacobson and R. Rowell. Wood fiber reinforcement of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers. In Fourth International Conference on Woodflber-Plastic Composites, Madison, WI, May 12-14, 1997, pp. 215-220. 

F. Yehia, S. Law, M.T. Kortschot. Water absorption in wood fiber reinforced polyethylene. In Progress in Wo odflbre-Plastic Composites, Conference Proceedings, Canadian Natural Composites Council, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 2002. 

Fillers play a crucial role in the manufacture of plastics. Alone many plastics are virtually useless, but they are converted into highly useful products by combining them with fillers. For example, phenolic and amine resins are almost always used in combination with substances like wood flour, pure cellulose, powdered mica, and asbestos. Glass fiber is used as a filler for fiber-reinforced composites with epoxy or polyester resins. 

Huda, M.S., Dizal, L.T., Misra, M. and Mohanty, A.K. (2006) Wood-fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites Evaluation of the physicomechanical and morphological properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 102, 4856-4869. 

Wood chips or wood fibers may also be combined with Portland cement to produce wood chip-cement plates (also called wood fiber reinforced cement composites or wood-cement composites) (Lin et al., 1994 Sorashia et al., 1994 Simatupang et al., 1995). In... 

Lin, X. et al (1994) Approaches to improve properties of wood fiber reinforced cementitioirs composites. Cement and Concrete Research 24,1558-1566. 

Pandz, S., Marikunte, S., and Won, J.-P. (1994) Wood fiber reinforced cement composites under wetting-drying and fieezing-thawing cycles. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 6,595-611. 

Thomas S (2002) Cellulose fiber reinforced composites new challenges and opportunities. 4th International Wood and Natural Fibre Composites Symposium, Kassel Germany, April 10-11 Tu X, Young RA, Denes F (1994) Improvement of bonding between cellulose and polypropylene by plasma treatment. Cellulose 1 87-106 Urbanczyk G (1985) Nauka o Wloknie. WNT, Warszawa... 

Sisal fiber has very important contribution to meet the future challenges of environmental sustainability in the packaging market. This has further mass scope when it combined with bio-based polymers in developing composite materials to use as packaging materials in the future. The packaging materials for bags, boxes, crates, containers, which are now made of wood can be replaced by cost-effective sisal fiber reinforced composites [17]. The estimated demand for the package materials works out to 93 lakh tons. 

Different kinds of biobased polymeric materials are available all around the globe. These biobased materials are procured from different biorenewable resources. Chapters 2-10 primarily focus on the use of different types of lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced composites, starting from wood fibers to hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Chapter 3 summarizes some of the recent research on different lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced polymer composites in the Southeast region of the world, while Chapter 6 summarizes the research on some typical Brazilian lignocellulosic fiber composites. The polymers obtained from biopolymers are frequently referred to as biobased... 

M.D.H. Beg, and K.L. Pickerin, Fiber pretreatment and Its effects on wood fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Mater. Manuf. Processes. 21, 303-307 (2006). 

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