With inorganic anions

Anionic extractants are commonly based on high molecular weight amines. Metal anions such as MnO or ReO can be exchanged selectively with inorganic anions such as Cl or The equiHbrium for a quaternary onium compound of organic radicals R for two anion species A and B ... 

Plutonium(V) exhibits little tendency to complex with inorganic anions. By contrast Plutonium(VI) complexes with chloride and nitrate anions but these complexes are much less stable than the corresponding Pu(IV) complexes. 

Although OH reacts at near-diffusion-controlled rates with inorganic anions [59], there seems to bean upper limit of ca. 3 x 10 dm mol sec in the case of simple hydrated metal ions, irrespective of the reduction potential of M"". Also, there is no correlation between the measured values of 43 and the rates of exchange of water molecules in the first hydration shell of, which rules out direct substitution of OH for H2O as a general mechanism. Other mechanisms that have been proposed are (i) abstraction of H from a coordinated H2O [75,76], and (ii) OH entering the first hydration shell to increase the coordination number by one, followed by inner-sphere electron transfer [77,78]. Data reported [78] for M" = Cr, for which the half-life for water exchange is of the order of days, are consistent with mechanism (ii) ... 

O is generally less reactive than OH with inorganic anions, and the rate is immeasurably slow with Br , CO3 , and Fe(CN)g, although these ions all react rapidly with OH. This difference in reactivity was used to establish the pAig of OH as 11.9 (Table 2). 0 reacts rapidly with O2 as in reaction (49), whereas OH is unreactive ... 

Ionic hquids are low melting organic salts that are liquids at ambient temperature. They typically contain quaternary ammonium cations such as l-butyl-3-methylimida-zolium- or N-butylpyridinium- with inorganic anions, such as tetrachloroaluminate or tetrafluoroborate (Chauvin and Helene, 1995 Freemantle, 1998). Melting points for these materials can be near -100°C, and the liquids are often thermally stable at temperatures approaching 200°C. 

Alkaline earth and transition metal ions can be converted to negatively charged complexes by reaction with different ligands and can be separated in the same mixture with inorganic anions using anion exchange methods. This makes possible the use of standard IC equipment for their quantitative determination and this approach has proved popular (see recent applications in Table 2). 

Quantum yields for isomerization of t-1 to c-1 via intersystem crossing are similar to those obtained in triplet sensitization, indicating that t is formed with near unit efficiency. Similar results were reported for the interaction of t with inorganic anion electron donors (127b). Rate constants for intersystem crossing of the t-1-ethyldiisopropylamine and triethylamine exciplexes obtained from the measured exciplex lifetimes are 5 x 107 s"1 (116), similar to the values for the exciplexes of pyrene (128) and naphthalene (121) with triethylamine. Larger intersystem crossing rate constants are observed for the exciplexes of t-1 with the bicyclic amines l-azabicyclo[2.2.2]-... 

Plenkiewicz, H. Dmowski, W. Synthetic utility of 3-(perfluoro-l,l-dimethylbutyl)-l-propene. Part V. Reactions of 3-(perfluoro-l,l-dimethyl-butyl)-l,2-epoxypropane with inorganic anions, thiourea, and guanidine./. Fluorine Chem. 1991, 51, 43-52. 

Powerful inorganic acceptors like the halogens, certain transition metal complexes, and negatively charged counterions with negligible nucleophilic tendency like BFT, CIOT, PFg, AsFg, NOj, CH SO, etc. result in fully ionic phenazine compounds. The physical properties of phenazine salts with inorganic anions have not been extensively or systematically studied. We mention below materials whose structures have been determined. 

Wijnja, H., The interaction of carbonate and organic anions with inorganic anions on hydrous metal oxides, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 1999, cited after [874]. 

Metal cations usually form complexes with inorganic anions much more readily in organic solvents than in water. For example, the pink cobalt(II) cation requires around 4 or 5 M aqueous hydrochloric acid to be converted to a blue cobalt(II) chloride anion. In a predominantly acetone solution, the intensely blue cobalt(ll) is formed in very dilute hydrochloric acid. Thus, the scope of ion-exchange group separations is increased greatly by carrying out separations in a mixture of water and an organic solvent. 

Reactions of diaryliodonium salts with inorganic anions... 

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