Window statistics

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using the general linear model procedure to determine significant differences in the concentration of volatile compeunds of Rojal wines on different vintages. Student-Newman-Keuls test was conducted when the samples exhibited significance between them, with the level of significance set at P<0.05. Both ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test were performed with SPSS 19.0 (2010) for Windows statistical package. 

Although energy resolution is rarely employed in positron camera systems, scatter is not normally a problem. This is because of the very short time window within which two photons must arrive in order to be counted. At low decay rates, the incidence of accidental events is very low, rising only slightly for those that occur as the result of scatter. Some systems employ time-of-flight measurements of the time difference between the arrival of the two photons to obtain additional information about the location of an annihilation along the line. This has been used to improve resolution and statistical accuracy. Resolution is in the range of 3—4 mm and is less dependent on position than is SPECT (16). 

For example, Stolorz et al. [88] derived a Bayesian formalism for secondary structure prediction, although their method does not use Bayesian statistics. They attempt to find an expression for / ( j. seq) = / (seq j.)/7( j.)//7(seq), where J. is the secondary structure at the middle position of seq, a sequence window of prescribed length. As described earlier in Section II, this is a use of Bayes rule but is not Bayesian statistics, which depends on the equation p(Q y) = p(y Q)p(Q)lp(y), where y is data that connect the parameters in some way to observables. The data are not sequences alone but the combination of sequence and secondary structure that can be culled from the PDB. The parameters we are after are the probabilities of each secondary structure type as a function of the sequence in the sequence window, based on PDB data. The sequence can be thought of as an explanatory variable. That is, we are looking for... 

Finally, the calculations are repeated 100 times (with variation of 0 to simulate 0-jitter within the resolution window) to obtain statistically reliable means and standard deviations for the diverse combinations of factors (Table 4.23). 

Mossbauer Spectral Analysis and Analog Measurements. Mossbauer spectra were obtained in the temperature range between 200 and 270 K and in two different energy windows (14.4 and 6.4 keV), which provide depth selective information about a sample [346]. To compensate for low counting statistics due to limited integration time, all available spectra were summed for the integrations on the undisturbed and brushed surface, respectively. In addition to kamacite (a-(Fe,Ni)) ( 85%) and small amounts of ferric oxide (see Fig. 8.38), all spectra exhibit features indicative for an additional mineral phase. Based on analog measurements... 

A user-friendly computer program has been developed (A.S.Yakovlev, S.LKuch-anov Copolymerization for Windows ) which makes it possible at any values of conversion to calculate for m=2-6 along with the composition of monomer mixture x, such statistical characteristics as instantaneous X and average (x j copolymer composition as well as the fractions (P Uk of sequences Uk with k=2-4 and... 

From the discussion so far, it might appear that stratification is advantageous only if the free energy changes as a function of . This is, however, not so. Stratification improves efficiency even if the free energy is constant and the motion along is strictly diffusive. If the full range of the order parameter is divided into L windows of equal size, the computer time needed to acquire the desired statistics in each window, tw, is proportional to the characteristic time of diffusion within a window... 

Convergence of the FEP results was carefully studied. A typical mutation has 5-10 windows each consisting of 15 M configurations of equilibration and 10 M configurations of averaging. From the batch means procedure, the resulting statistical uncertainty in the computed AAGb values was ca. 0.15 kcal/mol. Two closed perturbation cycles (H —> F Cl - OH... 

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