Mouse liver sections

Figure 21.3 Mouse liver sections (upper panel) on glass slides coated with gold (a) and ITO (b), and mass spectra obtained from them (lower panel). Reprinted with permission from Chaurand et al.12...

The size of ice crystals is usually determined by the speed of the freezing process through the whole tissue. Therefore, a pre-cutting step is recommended to reduce the overall tissue size before snap freezing. Tolerance toward ice crystal damage was found at different levels for different types of tissue. For instance, the most serious ice crystal damage was observed in mouse liver sections but little in mouse brain sections. 

Example Mouse liver sections were analyzed by DESI-FT-ICR-MS. The spectra of the tissue samples exhibited strong signals for phospholipids and lyso-phospholipids that were detected either as [M+H], [M-t-K]", or pVt+K]" ions. The mass accuracy of generally 1 ppm of the FT-ICR instrument allowed for assigning unique molecular formulas to most signals (Fig. 13.7) [16]. 

Fig. 1. Double label immunohistochemistry on rai liver. An acetone-fixed rat liver section was incubated with a polyclonal antiserum raised in rabbit to a hepa-tocyte cell surface protein (courtesy of Dr. S. Stamatoglou) and a mouse monoclonal antibody against a bile duct specific cytokeratin (courtesy of Dr. E. B. Lane). The hepatocyte protein was localized by use of a secondary peroxidase-conjugated antibody resulting in a red/brown product (thin arrow). The bile duct cytokeratin was identified by using an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated secondary antibody giving a blue color (thick arrow).

Transfection efficiency for mouse liver, with respect to the /3-galactosidase gene, was examined using the histochemical method. Compared to control animals injected with saline only (Figure 21.2A), /3-gal positive cells were easily seen in liver sections from animals injected with 0.5 pg of pCMV-LacZ plasmid... 

The following sections provide an in-depth analysis of the proposed MOA for rat and mouse liver tumors induced by PPARa activators. This analysis is not intended to reflect an exhaustive review of the literature but rather a sununation of key evidence. This review of the data did not consider alternative effects of PPARa activators, including mitochondrial effects, gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), or methylation of DNA, because the data are weak or a direct causal link to liver tumor induction is lacking. 

Fig. 14.4. A representative optical image of a piece of mouse liver tissue section with noticeable ice crystal damages (arrowy.

Mouse embryo section number 10 is further analyzed with the same ToF-SIMS instrumental and data acquisition settings as the ones in tissue imaging analysis. Ten measurements are recorded for each of the six tissue types skull, rib, brain, spinal cord, heart, and liver, with each measurement covering a fresh, un-analyzed area. 

Fig. 7 Differences in binding seen with the probe for 9-<9-acetylated sialic acids, CHE-FcD, to mouse and to rat sections. As shown, 9-0-acetylated sialic acids are abundantly expressed in rat liver but not in mouse liver, although it is present on mouse red blood cells (right). It is also expressed on rat kidney glomeruli but not in the mouse kidney where it is present only on some...

In addition to the tissues listed in Section III, B, 3, a, the presence of amino acid acceptor RNA has been demonstrated in the following mouse liver (6S) dog liver (69) beef liver (70) and rabbit liver (71-73) pig muscle (31) sheep reticulocytes (74) and pea seedlings (75, 76). The sRNA s obtained from yeast and from rat liver have remained the most popular test substances, but a number of more detailed studies have also been carried out with RNA s obtained from other sources. 

FIG. 1. (left). Computer reconstructed total ion chromatogram of the A -THC metabolites present in fraction 4 obtained by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography of the extracted mouse livers. The experimental conditions are given in the Experimental section and the peak identification is given in Table 1. (right). The corresponding trace obtained from guinea-pig liver. 

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