White watershed

White, A. F. and Blum, A. E. (1995). Effects of climate on chemical weathering in watersheds. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59,1729-1747. 

A study of estuarine fish in 21 coastal states conducted from 1972 to 1976 as part of the National Pesticide Monitoring Program detected a mean concentration of 47 ppb in 3.9% of the fish tissue samples collected (Butler and Schutzmann 1978). In another study (Cooper 1991), fish collected in a watershed area of Mississippi were analyzed for residues of methyl parathion. Methyl parathion was detected in seven species of fish, with white bass having the greatest mean concentration, at 15.96 ppm. Methyl parathion was found in 3 of the 32 fish samples collected before spraying of methyl parathion and in 12 of the 25 samples of fish collected after methyl parathion spraying. 

Meyers, N.L., Ahlrichs, J.L., and White, J.L. Adsorption of insecticides on pond sediments and watershed soils, Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci, 79 432-437, 1970. 

The author examined comatose patients with suspected cortical ischemia with DWI who had suffered from cerebral hypoxia often after cardiac arrest (Lovblad et al. 2004). A further evaluation of an expanded series of these patients is presented in Table 16.1 26 patients with lesions attributed to hypoxia that resumes the clinical signs of all patients. This series confirms the initial observation that DWI was superior to T2-weighted MRI regarding the prediction of lesion extent. Table 16.2 presents the patterns and localizationof findings. The DWI lesions were localized in the typical watershed regions in 7 of 26 (27%) (Fig. 16.8). The cortical lesions were unilateral in one patient (4%). Basal ganglia involvement was found in 10 of 26 patients (38%), and there was also white matter involvement in 9 of 26 patients (35%) (Figs. 16.8 and 16.9). Additional infratentorial lesions were found in 3 of 19 patients (35%) (Fig. 16.8). 

Figure 1. Sampling points in White River watershed draining rice growing area. This area includes an estimated 168,000 acres of rice planted with an average of 3 bu. of seed per acre, equivalent to 6 oz. aldrin per acre.

The most prominent examples of element-based rates are those reported for annual stream or river discharge and normalized to the watershed area. The relatively straightforward nature of these measurements, coupled with a significant amount of watershed research related to land management issues, has produced a large database describing such fluxes. A tabulation of these data is beyond the scope of the present paper and the reader is referred to previous compilations (Dethier, 1986 Meybeck, 1979 Bluth and Kump, 1994 White and Blum, 1995). 

In order to explain anomalously rapid rates of chemical weathering in upland topical watersheds such as in Puerto Rico and Malaysia, White and Blum (1995) and White et al. (1999) proposed that a coupled climate effect in which the solute fluxes were proportional to the product of a linear precipitation function and an exponential temperature function such that... 

Figure 21 Three-dimensional surface representing the optimized fit of watershed Si fluxes to Equation (22) as functions of precipitation and temperature (after White and Blum, 1995).

Murphy S. F., Brantley S. L., Blum A. E., White A. E., and Dong H. (1998) Chemical weathering in a tropical watershed, Euquillo mountains, Puerto Rico II. Rate and mechanism of biotite weathering. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62, 227-243. 

Watershed Wood Preservative 2888 White iron pyrites 1749... 

The study site was a Starling nesting colony of about 100 nest boxes located at the Stroud Water Research Center of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Avondale, Pennsylvania. The habitat lies within the White Clay Creek watershed and is characterized by a patchwork of old fields (maintained via semi-annual mowing), pastureland, and secondary growth woodland. ... 

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