Whipples disease

Baisden BL, Lepidi H, Raoult D, et al. Diagnosis of Whipple disease by immunohistochemical analysis. A sensitive and specific method fot the detection of Tropheryma whipplei (the Whipple bacillus) in pataffin-embedded tissue. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002 118 742-748. 

Lepidi H, Fenollat F, Getolami R, et al. Whipple disease Im-munospecific and quantitative immunohistochemical study of intestinal biopsy specimens. Hum Pathol. 2003 34 589-596. 

Since nontropical sprue and Whipples disease involve the proximal small intestine primarily, quantitative alterations of bile salt enterohepatic cir-... 

Other causes of mesenteric lymphadenopathy are Whipple disease (Ch. 10) and familial Mediterranean fever. In particular, mesenteric lymphadenopathy has been reported in up to one-third of patients with familial Mediterranean fever during an acute abdominal attack (ZissiN et al. 2003). 

Noninfectious causes of acute diarrhea include drugs and toxins (Table 18-3), laxative abuse, food intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease, ischemic bowel disease, lactase deficiency, Whipple s disease, pernicious anemia, diabetes mellitus, malabsorption, fecal impaction, diverticulosis, and celiac sprue. 

Whipple s disease is a rare malabsorption syndrome, which usually occurs in men aged 30-60 years of age. It is caused by a bacterium, Tropheryma whippelii, which infiltrates the mucosa of the small intestine. The symptoms are characterised by arthritis, steatorrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, fever and weakness. Treatment consists of prolonged administration of antibacterial drugs and the correction of nutritional deficiencies. 

Malabsorption Reduced absorptive capacity of intestinal mucosa due to inflammation Celiac disease Morbus Whipple Crohn s disease Parasitosis... 

Chronically abnormal epithelium Amyloidosis Coeliac disease Crohn s disease Ischaemia Radiation enteritis Tropical sprue Whipple s disease... 

Listeria Monocytogenes Isolated GI illness does not require antibiotic treatment. Whipple s Disease Overview of Antibiotics Used to Treat Whipple s Disease ... 

Ehrbar, H.U., Banerfeind, R, Dutly, F., Koelz, H.R., Altwegg, M. PCR-positive tests for Tropheryma whippelii in patients without Whipple s disease. Lancet 1999 353 2214... 

Whipple GH, Bradford WL. Mediterranean disease thalassemia (erythroblastic anemia of Cooley) associated pigment abnormalities simulating hemochromatosis. J Pediatr 1936 9 279-311. 

Loss of significant amounts of serum proteins into the bowel lumen and their passage in the feces is a consequence of a wide range of GI disorders. These may be associated with inflammation or ulceration of a segment of the small or large bowel (as in Crohn s disease and ulcerative colitis) or stomach, with diseases in which the intestinal lymphatics are obstructed or where there is elevated lymphatic pressure (e.g., lymphoma and Whipple s disease), or with disorders associated with altered immune status, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and some food allergies. 

Other small bowel enteropathies (e.g., Whipple s disease, tropical sprue, amyloid, intestinal lymphangiectasia)... 

Whipple s disease affects primarily the small bowel and mesenteric lymph nodes and less commonly other organs such as the heart and central nervous system. Numerous foamy macrophages characterize the disease, and the diagnosis usually relies on the demonstration of PAS-positive intracytoplasmic bacteria. Nevertheless, the presence of PAS-positive macrophages is not... 

Fredricks DN, Reiman DA. Localization of Tropheryma whip-pelii rRNA in tissues from patients with Whipple s disease. J Infect Dis. 2001 183 1229-1237. 

Schwartz MA, Selhorts JB, Ochs AL, et al. Oculomasticatory myorrhythmia A unique movement disorder occurring in Whipple s disease. Ann Neurol. 1986 20 677-683. 

Nocardia infections have been treated successjully, but failures also have been reported. Although a combination of doxycycline and streptomycin or gentamicin is considered the treatment of choice for brucellosis, trimethoprim—sulfamethoxazole may be an effective substitute for the doxy-cyctine combination. Trimethoprim—sulfamethoxazole also has been used successjully for Whipple s disease, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection, and infection by the intestinal parasites Cyclospora and Isospora. 

Cerebral and granulomatous arteritis Lymphomatous cerebritis Whipple s disease Behfet syndrome Carcinomatosis meningitis... 

Cobalamins are a family of cobalt-containing cofactors, also known as the vitamin B12 family (Scheme 1). It was observed in the early 1900s that raw liver extracts could cure an otherwise fatal disease, pernicious anemia. In 1948, a red crystalline compound was isolated from liver extracts (cyanocobalamin), which was structurally characterized by Dorothy Hodgkin in 1956. These discoveries were honored by Nobel prizes in 1934 (to Whipple, Minot, and... 

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