Macrophages characterization

Parod, R. J. and Brain, J. D. (1983) Uptake of latex particles by macrophages characterization using flow cytometry. Am. J. Physiol. 245, Cell Physiol. 14), C227-C234. 

It has been observed that under suitable conditions, macrophages can transform into "activated" macrophages, characterized by enlarged cells with undulating (ruffled) plasma membranes. Several lines of evidence indicate that activated macrophages are both qualitatively and quantitatively different from normal macrophages. ... 

Whipple s disease affects primarily the small bowel and mesenteric lymph nodes and less commonly other organs such as the heart and central nervous system. Numerous foamy macrophages characterize the disease, and the diagnosis usually relies on the demonstration of PAS-positive intracytoplasmic bacteria. Nevertheless, the presence of PAS-positive macrophages is not... 

Multiple scelerosis is an autoimmune disease mediated by T and B lymphocytes and macrophages. This is characterized by extensive inflammation and demyelination of the myelin sheath that surrounds the nerve fiber. The death of the nerve fiber results in a variety of symptoms that can lead to impairment of movement, paralysis, and death. 

Gene knockouts were performed by homologous recombination in mice. The enzymes are characterized as neuronal, inducible (macrophage), and endothelial because these were the sites in which they were first identified. However, all three enzymes have been found in other sites, and the neuronal enzyme is also inducible. Each gene has been cloned, and its chromosomal location in humans has been determined. 

Fig. 4.2 Dorsal root ganglia pathology in HIV neuropathy is characterized by foci of macrophage-lymphocytic infiltration (a) and Nagoette nodules (b). Infiltration by activated macrophages is demonstrated by immunostaining with anti-CD68 antibodies (c) (scale bar, 50 pm). Reproduced with permission of Wiley-Blackwell Pubhshing (Pardo et al. 2001)...

Structural characterization of a novel rhamnogalactm onan II with macrophage Fc receptor expression enhancing activity from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer... 

Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare inherited disorder characterized by the failure of neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and macrophages to produce the respiratory burst (Curnutte and Babior, 1987) this leads to recurrent bacterial and fungal infections often starting within the first year of life. 

Interferon-y (IFN-y) mRNA levels were measured in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and purified cell populations, using a bDNA assay, to characterize the cell types that contribute to the in vivo increase in IFN-y gene expression seen in HIV infection (Breen et al 1997). IFN-y is a cytokine that can be produced by multiple cell types and is considered to enhance cellular responses by activation of monocytes and macrophages. It is one of the type 1 cy-... 

---