Which efficiency

Direct-current motors are adjustable in speed over a wide range. Further, efficiency is high over the entire speed range, unlike wound-rotor motors, in which efficiency is roughly proportional to speed. This flexibility is attained at the expense of additional complexity and cost. 

Thus, the optimal design of / -peptides (e.g. undecamer 90) which efficiently promote 3i4-helicity in aqueous environment can been achieved through a combi-... 

Interest in fuel cells has stimulated many investigations into the detailed mechanisms of the electrocatalytic oxidation of small organic molecules such as methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, etc. The major problem using platinum group metals is the rapid build up of a strongly adsorbed species which efficiently poisons the electrodes. 

The paper-and-pencir method of eigenvector decomposition can only be performed on small matrices, such as illustrated above. For matrices with larger dimensions one needs a computer for which efficient algorithms have been designed (Section 31.4). 

To facilitate in-plant compounding, most suppliers have developed systems which efficiently and repro-ducibly deliver a controlled additive package to a compound, using either a specialised concentrate or a masterbatch formulation. Some of the polymer manufacturers have also made available advanced additive delivery systems, which they have often developed originally for their own use (e.g. Eastman, Montell). 

Variation of the X-substituent in (190) may be used to tune the pH at which efficient extraction occurs. For example, for the case where X = N02, the electron-withdrawing ability of this group results in more facile deprotonation of the amino proton. Thus the extraction may be performed at a lower pH than for the system with X = H. Similarly, variation of n in (190) may be used to tune the system for metal ions of different radii. 

In contrast to the observed photochemistry of adamantyltris(trimethylsilyl)silane which efficiently yields the appropriate silene compound, similar photolysis of the germanium analogue provided no evidence for the production of germene13. However, photolysis of the germanium compound in CCI4 did result in a Norrish type 1 cleavage of... 

The predominant binding site in 9-substituted 6-oxopurines (guanine and hypoxanthine derivatives) is the N7 atom of the base (Figure 6). The prevailing keto tautomer requires proton at N1 even in mildly acidic conditions, which efficiently prevents platination of the N1 site [7]. Under neutral and basic conditions competition of Pt(II) between the N1 and N7 sites has been reported. Attachment of Pt(II) to the N7 atom acidifies the N1H proton and facilitates coordination of additional platinum ions to both N1 and N3 [7]. In N7,N9-blocked 6-oxopurines, the N1 site is the major coordination site [7,24],... 

Six-membered cyclic nitronates can undergo rearrangements accompanied by cleavage of the endocyclic N-0 bond or by cleavage of the endocyclic C-0 bond. The latter fact is evidently associated with the presence of substituents, which efficiently stabilize the positive charge, at the C-6 atom. This occurs upon treatment of nitronates (154a,b) with silicon dioxide (Scheme 3.123) (117). 

On the other hand, hydrogen storage by pressurized carbon polymers (PCP) is effective in Wd, of which efficiency is much higher than that of the activated carbon. 

Stony Brook synthesized a photoreactive benzophenone containing inhibitor (39, Fig. 14) which efficiently labeled the active site of the enzyme. The photoinhibition was prevented by adding native Ras to the reaction mixture. That competition indicated that the labeling was specific at the active site. Peptide mapping of the labeled enzyme by HPLC, Edman sequencing and MALDI-MS allowed the identification of key amino acids in the substrate binding, as Asp-110 and Asp-112 in the a-subunit [126]. 

A double mutant (acid/base and nucleophile) Abg E71A E358G was developed58 which efficiently catalyzes thioglycoside formation from a glycosyl fluoridine donor (69) with inverted anomeric stereochemistry. This represents a significant improvement, as glycosyl fluoride donors are much more accessible (Fig. 29). 

Energy radiation for T > T ac. The neutrino/antineutrino collisions produce e e+ pairs outside the star, which efficiently convert to photons. We use the estimate of Ref. [45] for the vv —> e e+ conversion rate ... 

As shown in Figure 4.1, the initial step of the conversion of an ylide into a carbene complex is an electrophilic attack at the ylide. Reactions of this type will, therefore, occur more readily with increasing nucleophilicity of the ylide and increasing electrophilicity of the metal complex L M. Complexes which efficiently catalyze the decomposition of even weakly nucleophilic ylides can easily react with other nucleophiles also, such as amines or thiols. This has to be taken into account if reactions with substrates containing such strongly nucleophilic functional groups are to be performed. 

Davis et al. [66] developed an oligo(cyclooctene)-supported Co-OAc salen complex 25 (Figure 9) which efficiently catalyzed HKR of epichlorohydrin. The catalyst was recycled many times with negligible deactivation. The oligomeric complex was found to be 25 times more reactive than monomeric Co-salen. This study also gives possible modes of deactivation of Jacobsen s Co-salen catalyst during HKR of epichlorohydrin by spectroscopy, combined with recycling studies. 

First, NICE S recommendations are as likely to increase expenditure as to reduce it. The purpose of their evaluations has been clearly stated as being to identify value for money, not whether the NHS could afford the intervention. Second, postcode rationing exists because the exercise of clinical discretion locally results in treatments being available In one place and not in another. As new products are accepted by NICE, local decision-makers have to decide, given their finite resources, which old products and procedures to eradicate and which efficient products and services to provide. Local choices will inevitably vary, and as a consequence one form of postcode rationing will simply replace another. ... 

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