Wetting test methods

Generally, alkan olamines are analyzed by gas chromatography or wet test methods. Details on gas chromatography conditions are available in the fiterature (1) for packed or glass capillary columns. 

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (1995) West Coast Marine Species WET Test Methods Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to West Coast Marine and Estuarine Organisms, USEPA/600/R-95-136. USEPA, Cincinnati, OH. 

The solubility product principle can only be strictly applied to equilibrium conditions, although it has often been used to explain such precipitations as those encountered in qualitative analysis by the traditional wet-test methods. However, these sudden precipitations do not take place under anything like equilibrium conditions and the fact that reasonably successful predictions can usually be made is mainly due to the enormous excess ionic concentrations (supersaturations) generated compared with those required by the corresponding solubility products. Errors of magnitude of 10 —10 per cent have been estimated (Lewin, 1960) for such calculations and these clearly swamp other variations such as neglect of solute activity coefficients, complex ion formation, etc. 

There are no universally accepted wet analytical methods for the characteri2ation of quaternary ammonium compounds. The American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS) has estabhshed, however, a number of appHcable tests (180). These include sampling, color, moisture, amine value, ash, iodine value, average molecular weight, pH, and flash point. 

Water-repeUent fabrics resist wetting or repel waterborne stains they pass AATCC Test Method 22 (Spray Test). 

OU-repeUent fabrics resist wetting by oUy Hquids and repel oilhorne stains. The level of performance of such fabrics is judged by AATCC Test Method 118. 

OU repeUency is measured by observing a fabric s resistance to wetting by a selected series of numbered test Uquid hydrocarbons with a range of surface tensions. The fabric rating is based on the Uquid that does not wet the fabric surface in a specified time (AATCC Test Method 118 and INDA... 

The dynamic absorption test measures the resistance of fabrics to wetting by water, not the repeUency of the total fabric surface. A weighed portion of fiber, yam, or fabric is tumbled ia water for 20 minutes it is then removed and reweighed to determine the percentage of water absorbed (AATCC Test Method 70). 

Brisance. Sand test, 56.9g vs 53.0 for Pentolite and 43.0 for TNT plate dent test, method B, 141% TNT for cast un confined PTX-2, u 1.71g/cc Compatibility with metals. Does not affect Al, dry or wet does not affect mild steel, dry Detonation velocity. 8000—8065m/sec for an unconfined cast charge 1 inch in diam, d 1.70 g/cc vs 7500m/sec for Pentolite and 6900m/sec for TNT... 

Use of a hygienic hand wash, in which a suitable disinfectant or disinfectant-detergent is rubbed into wet or dry hands for not more than 30 seconds and then washing the hands in water. A suitable test method is to compare a product with a standard (soap and water) the product must be significantly more effective than the control. 

Phosphorus is a common component of additives and appears most commonly as a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate or triaryl phosphate ester, but other forms also occur. Two wet chemical methods are available, one of which (ASTM D1091) describes an oxidation procedure that converts phosphorus to aqueous orthophosphate anion. This is then determined by mass as magnesium pyrophosphate or photochemically as molybdivanadophosphoric acid. In an alternative test (ASTM D4047), samples are oxidized to phosphate with zinc oxide, dissolved in acid, precipitated as quinoline phosphomolybdate, treated with excess standard alkali, and back-titrated with standard acid. Both of these methods are used primarily for referee samples. Phosphorus is most commonly determined using x-ray fluorescence (ASTM D4927) or ICP (ASTM D4951). 

Test Methods. Surface tension (y) measurements were taken by Wil-helmy method (25+0.1°C). Critical micelle concentrations (cmc) were obtained from Y logC curves. Contact angle. Type GI, Japan. Wetting test. Canvas disk method, CIS,HG-2-380-66. Foam test, Ross-Miles lather method. Emulslbillty was determined by mixing 20 ml of 2.5%... 

Different methods used for calibrating samplers include rotometers, wet-test meters, pressure gauges across fixed orifices, mass flow meters, hot wire flow meters and bubble tubes. Each of these calibration devices requires an appropriate correction factor. Some of the devices measure mass flow rather than volumetric flow. Sampling requires volumetric flow calibration. 

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