Wetting prevention

An anionic/nonionic dyeing assistant that is fast wetting, prevents frosty dyeing in printing operations. It is compatible with acid, cationic, direct, and disperse dyes. It is an excellent foaming agent for use in continuous dyeing on Kuster and other machines. 

Heads with black spots on surfoce. Cause Downy mildew. Control this fungal disease by spraying plants with a baking-soda-and-soap spray (1 teaspoon baking soda, 1 teaspoon liquid dish soap, 1 quart water) or copper at the first sign of disease. Repeat weekly if weather is wet. Prevent problems by planting Cloud Nine , which is somewhat tolerant of downy mildew. 

Leaves with water-soaked or brown spots. Causes Anthracnose other fungal leaf spots. Spots may enlarge rapidly, especially in wet weather. Destroy infected leaves or plants. Spray plants with sulfur to prevent disease from spreading, especially if weather is wet. Prevent problems by thinning plants to provide good air movement. 

As might be expected, this simple picture does not hold perfectly. The coefficient of friction tends to increase with increasing velocity and also is smaller if the pavement is wet [14]. On a wet road, /x may be as small as 0.2, and, in fact, one of the principal reasons for patterning the tread and sides of the tire is to prevent the confinement of a water layer between the tire and the road surface. Similarly, the texture of the road surface is important to the wet friction behavior. Properly applied, however, measurements of skid length provide a conservative estimate of the speed of the vehicle when the brakes are first applied, and it has become a routine matter for data of this kind to be obtained at the scene of a serious accident. 

Additive packages have been developed which do an exceUent job of preventing IVD. The key to effective operation is to keep the valve wet so that the additive can prevent deposit buildup. Most packages include a combination of detergent/dispersant and a carrier oil or heavy solvent. If no carrier oil is present, then the fuel may evaporate off the valve too rapidly for the package to be effective. When the valves do not rotate, the portion of the valve which has the highest deposit level is the back side which is not constantly wet. 

Lead—antimony or lead—arsenic ahoys must not be mixed with lead—calcium (aluminum) ahoys in the molten state. Addition of lead—calcium—aluminum ahoys to lead—antimony ahoys results in reaction of calcium or aluminum with the antimony and arsenic to form arsenides and antimonides. The dross containing the arsenides and antimonides floats to the surface of the molten lead ahoy and may generate poisonous arsine or stibine if it becomes wet. Care must be taken to prevent mixing of calcium and antimony ahoys and to ensure proper handling of drosses. 

Low molecular cationic polymers or alum can also be used to flocculate pitch, ie, bind up the pitch so that it is retained in the sheet, to minimize pitch deposition on machine surfaces and fabrics (35,36). Alum is used commonly in newsprint operations (34). The addition of a nonionic surfactant with a hydrocarbon solvent to the wet end has shown some utility in preventing deposits of adhesive recycled furnish contaminants from forming on the paper... 

Solids present in oil and synthetic muds must be kept wet with the nonaqueous phase to prevent coagulation and settling and mud instabiUty. Oil-wetting agents are normally incorporated in the basic mud package. These materials are typically amines or quaternary ammonium salts having hydrocarbon chains of 10 or more carbon atoms. They also render clays or lignites oil-wet for use in viscosity and filtration control (128). 

Because phosgene reacts with water, great care must be taken to prevent contamination with traces of water since this could lead to the development of pressure by hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide. Wet phosgene is very corrosive therefore phosgene should never be stored with any quantity of water (4). 

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