Weight gain with antipsychotics

Casey DE, Zorn SH. The pharmacology of weight gain with antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 2001 62(Suppl 7) 4-10. 

Coveil NH, Weissman EM, Essock SM. Weight gain with clozapine compared to first generation antipsychotic medications. Schizophr Bull 2004 30 229-40. 

Muller DJ, Klempan TA, De Luca V, Sicard T, Volavka J, et al. 2005. The SNAP-25 gene may be associated with clinical response and weight gain in antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 379 81-89. 

Reynolds GP, Zhang ZJ, Zhang XB. Association of antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain with a d-HTic receptor gene polymorphism. Lancet 2002 359(9323) 2086-7. 

The clinical significance of weight gain during antipsychotic therapy is substantial. The risk of cardiovascular-related mortality is higher in individuals with schizophrenia, and this is further... 

Second-generation antipsychotics as a class are heterogeneous with regard to side-effect profiles. Many second-generation antipsychotics carry an increased risk for weight gain and for... 

Atypical antipsychotics Monitor for increased appetite with weight gain (primarily in patients with initial low or normal body mass index) monitor closely if rapid or significant weight gain... 

With respect to other ethnic groups, African Americans may have a differential sensitivity to weight gain on clozapine (de Leon etal, 2007). They may also require lower doses than Caucasians (Kelly et al, 2006) and inter-individual as well as ethnic responsiveness maybe partly explained by differences in dopamine receptor polymorphisms (Hwang et al, 2005). It is conceivable that side effects may also be differentially expressed based on pharmacodynamic differences resulting from polymorphisms in other receptor types (histaminergic, muscarinic, etc.). This area remains largely unexplored with respect to ethnic differences in antipsychotic side effects. 

Medications associated with weight gain include insulin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones for diabetes, some antidepressants, antipsychotics, and several anticonvulsants. 

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