Waterlogged soils

Corrosion of iron and steel, especially in anaerobic conditions such as waterlogged soils, is usually caused by sulphate-reducing bacteria of which the genus Desulphovibrio is the most commonly occuring. The presence of organic materials such as acetate often stimulates these organisms reducing... 

Used with B or C horizon g Gleyed or waterlogged soil... 

Turner FT, Patrick Jr WH. Chemical changes in waterlogged soils as a result of oxygen depletion. Trans. 9lh Intern. Cong. Soil Sci. 1968 4 53-65. 

Flooding increased Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations in rice grown on arid soils in Australia with a soil of pH 7.3-7.5 compared to upland conditions, but decreased Cu uptake from flooded soils (Beckwith et al., 1975). Plant uptake of Co was also increased by waterlogging soils since Co was released from the dissolution of Mn oxides. However, the wetting incubation of 24 arid soils from Colorado farms with a wide range in texture... 

Favre F, Tessier D, Abdehnoula M, Genin JM, Gates WP, Boivin P. 2002. Iron reduction and changes in cation exchange capacity in intermittently waterlogged soil. European... 

Patrick WH, Ir. 1966. Apparatus for controlling the oxidation-reduction potential of waterlogged soil. Nature 212 1278-1279. 

Patrick WH, Jr, Mahapatra JC. 1968. Transformation and availability to rice of nitrogen and phosphorus in waterlogged soils. Advances in Agronomy 20 323-359. 

Pearsall WH, Mortimer CH. 1939. Oxidation-reduction potentials in waterlogged soils, natural waters and muds. Journal of Ecology 27 483-501. 

Fussy fruit The blueberry needs damp but not waterlogged soil with high organic matter levels and a soil pH between 4 and 5.5. On the positive side, it can grow well in containers, in "ericaceous" potting mix, and pest and disease problems are rare. 

Fe and Mn oxides play an important role in the soil in immobilising trace elements such as Co, Cu, Zn and Ni as well as pollutants like Pb (Norrish, 1975) and rendering them unavailable to plants (Peterson and Girling, 1981). Uptake of Fe is promoted by low soil pH, waterlogged soils, mobile organic complexes, and chelates it is restrained by high pH and well-aerated soils. 

In flooded or waterlogged soils, as for example, in a continuously flooded rice paddy, anaerobic (reducing) conditions exist in the soil below the surface, and hence nitrification of ammoniacal nitrogen does not occur in this layer. Therefore, when ammonia, ammonium salts, or urea (which hydrolyzes in the soil to... 

Patrick, W. H., Jr., and F. T. Turner. 1968. Effect of redox potential on manganese transformation in waterlogged soil. Nature 220 476-478. 

Reduction of N03, Mn, and Fe can occur under moderately reduced conditions, such as intermittently waterlogged soil or sediment. Reduction of nitrate causes the loss of a major nutrient. Often the reduction does not proceed through to the formation of N2 gas, and nitrous oxide (N2O) is formed, which is a potent greenhouse gas and can... 

In soils that become deficient in oxygen, usually as a result of flooding, the sulfide level will increase to relatively high concentrations. The formation of sulfide by sulfate reduction in nature is enhanced in warm, wet, or waterlogged soils with a pH above 6.0. Sulfide accumulation may be particularly pronounced in sulfate-rich saline areas in which plant excretions (release of carbon compounds) serve as the oxidizable carbon source, in addition to the hy-... 

BiOEOCY. Rhizome rot waterlogged soils and temperatures above 25°C are conducive to infection, with early-harvested strawberries being especially at risk. 

It is an anaerobic process and requires nitrate (NH c that can be nitrified) and organic matter. Microorganisms use nitrate as an oxidant to obtain energy from organic matter. It is prevalent in waterlogged soils and is the primary process that converts Nr back to N2. 

Burford J. R. and Bremner J. M. (1972) Is phosphate reduced to phosphine in waterlogged soils Soil Biol. Biochem. 4, 489-495. 

Sulfate reduction can take place in waterlogged soils, especially environments such as paddy fields. Soils with high sulfate content, particularly as a result of input of seawater, can over time accumulate large concentrations of sulfide through sulfate reduction. When these soils are exposed to air, they can become acidic through the production... 

Leaves yellow growth slow. Causes Nitrogen deficiency waterlogged soil. Spray foliage with fish-meal tea and side-dress with compost to correct nitrogen deficiency. Waterlogged soil will produce the same symptoms. Make sure soil is well-drained or plant in raised beds. 

---