Water supplies arsenic

The more than 700,000 residents of the Middle Rio Grande Basin (MRGB), otherwise known as the Albuquerque Basin, of central New Mexico rely almost exclusively on ground water from the Santa Fe Group aquifer system for drinking-water supplies. Arsenic concentrations in ground... 

The Arsenal is located in the central portion of northern New Jersey, near the town of Dover. This places it at the outer rim of the New York metropolitan area. It occupies a ten mile long valley, lying between mountain ridges which serve as natural barricades. The valley also has a natural water supply which, even today, is adequate. These are the three attributes for which the site was selected nearness to the world of commerce means of protection of the surrounding area from the hazards inherent in its work and the availability of the one extremely vital natural resource — water... 

Mukherjee, S. and Kumar, S., Adsorptive uptake of arsenic(V) from water by aquatic fern Salvinia natans, Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology—Aqua, 54 (1), 47-53, 2005. 

Although not as widespread as arsenic, barium also occurs naturally in the environment in some areas. It can also enter water supplies through hazardous industrial waste discharges or releases. Small doses of barium are not harmful. However, it is quite dangerous when consumed in large quantities. The maximum amount of barium allowed in drinking water by the standard is 1.0 mg/L of water. 

Tr nrac discovered that fish in Picatinny Lake (Picatinny Arsenal, NJ) and its tributaries were being killed by DNT in the effluent waters from the Propellant Water-Dry House. It therefore became necessary to develop a method of detoxifying this effluent since some of the streams led to drinking water supplies. Tomlinson (Ref) developed a process for the purification of... 

Woessner, W. Moore, J. Johns, C. Popoff, M. Sartor, L. Sullivan, M. Arsenic Source and Water Supply Remedial Action Study, Milltown, Montana Solid Waste Bureau, Montana Department of Health and Environmental Science Helena, MT, 1984. 

Hering, J.G. and Kneebone, P.E. (2002) Biogeochemical controls on arsenic occurrence and mobility in water supplies, in Environmental Chemistry of Arsenic (ed. W.T. Frankenberger Jr.), Marcel Dekker), New York, pp. 155-81. 

Smith, S.D. and Edwards, M. (2005) The influence of silica and calcium on arsenate sorption to oxide surfaces. Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology - AQUA, 54(4), 201-11. 

Burkel, R.S. and Stoll, R.C. (1999) Naturally occurring arsenic in sandstone aquifer water supply wells of north-eastern Wisconsin. GroundWater Monitoring and Remediation, 19(2), 114-21. 

Culbertson, C.W., Moll, D.M., Backer, L.C. et al. (2002) A Pilot Study of Arsenic Speciation in Domestic Well-Water Supplies in Maine. Arsenic in New England A Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference, May 29-31,2002, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Superfund Basic Research Program, Manchester, NH. 

Moore, J.N. and Woessner, W.W. (2003) Arsenic contamination in the water supply of Milltown, Montana, in Arsenic in Ground Water (eds A.H. Welch and K.G. Stollenwerk), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, pp. 329-50. 

Welch, A.H., Helsel, D.R., Focazio, MJ. and Watkins, S.A. (1998) Arsenic in ground water supplies of the United States, in Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects (eds W.R. Campbell, C.O. Abernathy and R.L. Calderon), Elsevier Science, New York, pp. 9-17. 

Peters, S.C., Blum, J.D., Karagas, M.R. et al. (2006) Sources and exposure of the New Hampshire population to arsenic in public and private drinking water supplies. Chemical Geology, 228(1-3 Special Issue), 72-84. 

Bhattacharya, P Chatterjee, D. and Jacks, G. (1997) Occurrence of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in alluvial aquifers from delta plains, eastern India options for safe drinking water supply. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 13(1), 79-92. 

Driehaus, W Jekel, M. and Hildebrandt, U. (1998) Granular ferric hydroxide - a new adsorbent for the removal of arsenic from natural water. Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology - Aqua, 47, 30-35. 

Ferguson, J.F. and Anderson, M.A. (1974) Chemical form of arsenic in water supplies and their removal, in Chemistry of Water Supply, Treatment and Distribution (ed A.J. Rubin), Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI. 

JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) (2002). The Study on the Ground Water Development of Deep Aquifers for Safe Drinking Water Supply to Arsenic Affected Areas in Western Bangladesh. Draft final report, Japan International Cooperation Agency, Kokusai Kogyo and Mitsui Mineral Development Engineering. 

Karcher, S., Caceres, L., Jekel, M. and Contreras, R. (1999) Arsenic removal from water supplies in northern Chile using ferric chloride coagulation. Journal of the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management, 13(3), 164-69. 

Shrestha, R.R., Shrestha, M.P., Upadhyay, N.P. et al. (2004) Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Nepal A New Challenge for Water Supply Sector, Environment and Public Health Organization, Kathmandu. 

Tandukar, E.N. (2001) Scenario of Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater in Nepal, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage. 

Although both Fe(III) sulfates and chlorides are effective in coprecipitating As(V) from water, the sulfates may produce less turbidity and corrosion (Han et al., 2003 Floch and Hideg, 2004, 76). As(V) coprecipitation with iron (oxy)(hydr)oxides may be further improved by filtering out the precipitates with membranes or sand. Han et al. (2003) were able to reduce arsenic concentrations to below 2pgL-1 with Fe(III) doses of 6 mgL-1 followed by membrane filtration (Table 7.1). Using Fe(III) sulfate coprecipitation followed by sand filtration, Yuan et al. (2003) found that 0.25 mM of Fe(III) could inexpensively remove about 98 % of 1 mgL-1 of As(V) from household water supplies. Dosages of aluminum sulfate (0.25 mM as Al(III)) achieved about 95 % arsenic removal. 

Asghar, U Perveen, F., Alvi, S.K. et al. (2006) Contamination of arsenic in public water supply schemes of Larkana and Mirpurkhas Districts of Sind. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 28(2), 130-35. 

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