Specific volume of water

Fig. 1.2. Specific volume of water vapor as a function of the water vapor pressure. The temperature of the vapor in this diagram is that of the ice.

Figure 8. Comparisons of the specific volumes of water determined from sound speed measurements (31) and direct measurements (106J...

Figure 10. Comparisons of the specific volumes of water at 1000 bars calculated from the sound derived equation of state of Chen, Fine, and Millero (31) and the data of various workers (A) Bradshaw and Schleicher (9) Kell and Whalley (" J Fine and Millero...

Here, m is the molal concentration of the /-component in mol/1000 g water ct is the weight concentration of the /-component in g/ml Vi and vz (with bars) are the specific volumes of water and biopolymer in ml/g and Mf is the molar weight of the biopolymer in g/mol (Da). In turn, the relationship between the second virial coefficients expressed in the different units (molal, At weight, ) is as follows (Wells, 1984) ... 

Example 1.2 Table 1.3 lists the specific volumes of water, mercury, hydrogen at l(atm), and hydrogen at lOO(atm) for a number of temperatures on the International Practical Temperature Scale. Assume that each substance is the fluid in a thermometer, calibrated at the ice and steam points as suggested at the beginning of this section. To determine how good these thermometers are, calculate what each reads at the true temperatures for which data are given. 

For the fourth term, the correlations for the entropies of species and for the specific volume of water are presented below. 

Specific Volume of Water. The data for the specific volume of water are available over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. Normally high degree polynomials (ustially at least eight degrees) are used as the state equations of both steam and liquid water (10. 11). 

TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE EFFECTS ON SPECIFIC VOLUME OF WATER... 

Problem Assuming the heat of vaporization of water to be constant at 539 cal. g., calculate the temperature at which water will boil under a pressure of 77.0 cm., the boiling point being 100.00 C at 76.0 cm. The specific volume of water vapor at 100 C and 76.5 cm. pressure is 1664 cc. g. and that of liquid water is (approximately) 1 cc. g. ... 

In using equation (27.36), it will be seen that Ap and p must be in the same units, the exact nature of which is immaterial further, the units of H are determined by those of Vi and AP, Thus, if Viis expressed in liters and AP in atm., R will be 0.082 liter-atm. deg. mole The specific volume of water may be taken, with sufficient accuracy, as 1.0, so that Vi is about 18 ml. or 0.018 liter mole"" ... 

The minus sign shows that by putting on positive pressure the temperature of fusion falls, this being due, as we have seen from the above, to the fact that the specific volume of water is less than the specific volume of ice The term 12 x xo8 represents the pressure in dynes— for all the quantities have been given in C G S units—required to lower the freezing point x°... 

Figure 3. Partial specific volume of water absorbed in 66 nylon...

In cases where the single membrane and the adjacent water layer form the repeating unit, the membrane thickness d can be estimated from the knowledge of the weight fraction of water, f, and the respective partial specific volumes of water and membrane, v and v according to... 

The following table, which is designed for gravimetric calibration of volumetric apparatus, gives the specific volume of water at standard atmospheric pressure as a function of temperature. 

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