Water-soluble oxidants

Water-soluble oxidizer dissolved in water, which contaminates packing material, pallets or drainage system... 

Cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) [NH4]2[Ce(N03)6], is a water-soluble oxidant, classical in organic chemistry [197], which has sometimes been used in or-ganometallic chemistry to disengage ligands from metal centers [211]. It can be used... 

Several minor reductive reactions also occur. Reduction of -oxides to the corresponding tertiary amine occurs to some extent. This reductive pathway is of interest because several tertiary amines ate oxidized to form polar and water-soluble -oxide metabolites. If reduction of -oxide metabolites occurs to a significant extent, drug elimination of the parent tertiary amine is impeded. -Oxide reduction often is assessed by administering the pure synthetic -oxide in vitro... 

Rajagopalan, B. Wei, M. Musie, C.,T. Subra-maniam, B. Busch, D.H. Homogenous catalytic epoxidation of organic substrates in CO2-expanded solvents in the presence of water-soluble oxidants and catalysts. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42, 6505-6510. 

Finally, the oil undergoes a number of refining processes to produce a purified oil. These refining processes may include degumming, in which phospholipids are removed as gums in a hydration process neutralisation and washing to remove free fatty acids, trace metals and other water solubles oxidation and deodorisation to remove by-products and polishing to remove trace oil insolubles. 

Explosives projectiles and the oxidizer and fuel in rocket motors are held by a binder, which usually is a crosslinked thermosetting polymer. The binder can complicate solvent extraction of explosives or the aqueous dissolution of water-soluble oxidizers. 

Purified surplus explosive can undergo large-scale commercial reuse in slurry explosives. Slurry explosives are a saturated aqueous solution of water-soluble oxidizer, which carries particles of oxidizer and sensitizing "fuel" in suspension. The most common oxidizer is ammonium nitrate, and the most common sensitizer is aluminum powder. Sodium nitrate, sodium perchlorate, and sodium chlorate are possible alternative oxidizers. Patent literature shows that munition explosives such as TNT, tetryl, HMX, RDX, and NG are used as sensitizers in slurry explosives. The reported consumption of slurry explosives is hundreds of millions of pounds annually. 

As pointed out earlier, the lack of a common solvent, for aqueous and certain organic substrates, may result in a slow reaction rate and poor selectivity. This serious limitation has been circumvented with the aid of phase transfer catalysis, a well known technique in organic synthesis [55]. It consists in the transfer of a water soluble oxidant species into the immiscible organic phase, as a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salt. Two main results are achieved by this technique. The reaction rate is increased, due to higher concentration of the oxidant species in the organic phase. Acid catalyzed side reactions are decreased, by keeping the products in the organic phase. 

Rates of degradation in wetland systems depend on the interplay of a number of environmental factors including chemical characteristics of organic compounds (water solubility, oxidation... 

NFPA 430,2.13.5 4.4.4 Absorptive packing materials, wooden pallets, etc., that are exposed to water containing oxidizers or that contain water soluble oxidizers, and are exposed to water shall be immediately relocated to a safe outside area and properly disposed of. 

The desire for a more environmentally friendly oxidizing agent prompted the synthesis of water-soluble derivatives of IBX. This water-soluble oxidant m-IBX (eq 7) contains a carboxylic acid substituent. This reagent is useful for the oxidation of a variety of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes in both water and THF/water mixtures in fair-to-excellent yields. ... 

Chymotrypsin has been covalently bound to water-soluble oxidized dextran through Schiff bases, and the stability of the modified enzyme investigated. The increase in stability observed was attributed to an increase in the enthalpy of activation of the denaturation reaction. 

M. Desai, K. Moeggenborg, P. Carter, Sificon Carbide Polishing Method Utilizing Water-soluble Oxidizers, US7678700 B2, 2010. 

The water-soluble weso-tetrakis(4-JV-methylpyridyl)porphinatoman-ganese(lll) chloride efficiently catalyzes (2 m in at r.t., 99% conversion) the epoxidation of sodium 4-styrenesulfonate by oxone (a stable water-soluble oxidant with the approximate composition K2S04 2KHS05 KHS04) in water at neutral pH [15]. In the absence of catalyst, the reaction time is ca. 10 times longer. 

If the rigid fence containing diamide hydrogen bond chains contains double bonds in the central hydrophobic core one can functionalize them there by oxidation with water-soluble oxidants. OH- or NH2-Groups may be introduced and bind to correspondingly substituted... 

Wing, R. E., and Willett, J.L. (1997) Water Soluble Oxidized Starches by Peroxide Reactive Extrusion, Ind. Crop. Prod. 1, 45-52. 

Wing RE, Willett JL. 1997. Water soluble oxidized starches by peroxide reactive extrusion. Ind Crops Prod 7 45-52. 

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