Water SERS effect

The effect of ethanol on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of water molecules has been studied both in water and in deuteriated water. SERS intensities of... 

The (nonelectrochemical) SEIRAS effect was first reported by Hartstein and coworkers in 1980 [110], after which Suetaka and coworkers published a number of papers from 1982 exploiting Kretschmann coupling (Fig. la) to effect SPP excitation and the concomitant enhancement of the infrared absorptions of species adsorbed at the thin metal film electrode surface [69, 111-113], effectively SEIRAS. The authors commented that the short-range enhancement afforded by the technique enabled species at the metal-aqueous solution interfaces to be preferentially observed . Similarly, Neff and coworkers [48] reported the study of water at the electrode-electrolyte interface using SPP excitation. As with the SERS effect, SEIRAS is limited, so far, to the coinage metals [5,10]. 

Obvious SERRS effect has been observed on discharged Ag electrodes in the Li/Ag cells. The SERS effect is very sensitive to the surface chemistry of the SEI layer that is mainly composed of ROCO Li and LijCO, when the water content in the electrolyte is very low. However ROCOjLi disappears and LiOH HjO and 0 003 become two of the main components of the SEI layer when there is some trace of water in the electrolyte or atmosphere. Thus, SERS is a proper technique to characterize the chemical species of the SEI film in lithium ion batteries. 

The effects of a postulated accident on other systems should be considered in the analyses. None of the Action Plans addressed this specific requirement. However, flooding of AC/DC pumps and motors, is included in the consideration of the cooling water LOCA effects on the process water LOPA. SER Section 6.3.2 addresses environmental effects of postulated accidents. SER Section 6.3.1 addresses the loss of normal electric power event scenarios. WSRC should analyze coincident Loss of Normal Power in conjunction with some DBEs in Chapter 15. The effects of postulated accidents on other systems is an open item. 

In Goulded RF, Equilibrium concepts in natural water systems. Adv Chem Ser 67 161-172 Stumm W, Furrer G, Wieland E, Zinder B (1985) The effects of complex-forming ligands on the dissolution of oxides and aluminosilicates In Drever JI (ed) The chemistry of weathering. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 55-74... 

Inositol trisphosphate, a water-soluble compound, diffuses from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it binds to specific IP3 receptors and causes Ca2+ channels within the ER to open. Sequestered Ca2+ is thus released into the cytosol (step (5)), and the cytosolic [Ca2+] rises sharply to about 10 6 m. One effect of elevated [Ca2+] is the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Diacylglycerol cooperates with Ca2+ in activating PKC, thus also acting as a second messenger (step (6)). PKC phosphorylates Ser or Thr residues of specific target proteins, changing their catalytic activities (step (7)). There are a number of isozymes of PKC, each with a characteristic tissue distribution, target protein specificity, and role. 

Han P, Bartels DM (1994) Encounters of H and D atoms with 02 in water relative diffusion and reaction rates. In Gauduel Y, Rossky P (eds) AIP conference proceedings 298. "Ultrafast reaction dynamics and solvent effects." AIP Press, New York, 72 pp Hasegawa K, Patterson LK (1978) Pulse radiolysis studies in model lipid systems formation and behavior of peroxy radicals in fatty acids. Photochem Photobiol 28 817-823 Herdener M, Heigold S, Saran M, Bauer G (2000) Target cell-derived superoxide anions cause efficiency and selectivity of intercellular induction of apoptosis. Free Rad Biol Med 29 1260-1271 Hildenbrand K, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1997) Time-resolved EPR studies on the reaction rates of peroxyl radicals of polyfacrylic acid) and of calf thymus DNA with glutathione. Re-examination of a rate constant for DNA. Int J Radiat Biol 71 377-385 Howard JA (1978) Self-reactions of alkylperoxy radicals in solution (1). In Pryor WA(ed) Organic free radicals. ACS Symp Ser 69 413-432... 

Lancelot C, Mathot S, Owens NJP (1986) Modelling protein synthesis, a step to an accurate estimate of net primary production the case of Phaeocystis pouchetii colonies in Belgian coastal waters. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 32 193-202 Lancelot C, Billen G, Sournia A, Weisse T, Colijin F, Veldhuis MJW, Davies A, Wassman P (1987) Phaeocystis blooms and nutrient enrichment in the continental coastal zones of the North Sea. AMBIO 16(1) 38 16 Lewandowska J, Kosakowska A (2004) Effect of iron limitation on cells of the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutzing. Oceanologia 46(2) 269-287 Lowther WT, Matthews BW (2000) Structure and function of the methionine aminopeptidases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1477 157-167... 

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