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Water and Sewage Treatment

Site Size Most MF processes require a smaller footprint than competing processes. Reduction in total-area requirements are sometimes a decisive economic advantage for MF. It may be apparent that the floor-space costs in a pharmaceutical facility are high, but municipal facilities for water and sewage treatment are often located on expensive real estate, giving MF an opportunity despite its higher costs otherwise. [Pg.57]

Combined Municipal Water and Sewage Treatment Plants in the interest of Water Conservation and Reduction of Pollution of Natural Waterways. [Pg.63]

The most important industrial alkalis are the weak alkali ammonia (Section 9.3), caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), and lime (calcium oxide).1-6 For many industrial and agricultural purposes, the most economical source of alkali is lime, which is used in steelmaking and other metallurgical operations ( 45% of U.S. production of lime), in control of air pollution from smokestack gases (Chapter 8), in water and sewage treatment (Sections 9.6 and 14.5), in pulp and paper production (Section 10.4), in reduction of soil acidity, in cement and concrete manufacture (indirectly, as discussed later), and in many chemical processes such as paper making (Section 10.4). In short, lime is one of the most important of all chemical commodities. [Pg.205]

Production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide by electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride is the basis of the chlor-alkali industry, a business that generates annual sales of approximately 4 billion in the United States alone. Both chlorine and sodium hydroxide rank among the top 10 chemicals in terms of production Annual output of each in the United States is 11-12 million tons. Chlorine is used in water and sewage treatment and in the manufacture of plastics such as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Sodium hydroxide is employed in making paper, textiles, soaps, and detergents. [Pg.796]

A saturated solution of aluminum sulfate is employed as a mild caustic. Solutions containing 5-10% aluminum sulfate have been used as local applications to ulcers and to arrest foul discharges from mucous surfaces. Aluminum sulfate is also used in the preparation of aluminum acetate ear drops (HSDB 1995). With respect to use application, about 65% of the aluminum sulfate produced is used for water and sewage treatment (HSDB 1995). [Pg.199]

As mentioned earlier, understanding the pH equation and the regulation and control of pH is fundamentally important when considering very many life and health processes. A simple indication of the importance of environmental pH is for growth of crops (soil pH) and acid rain (water pH), which can affect the ecosystem. Indeed, optimum conditions for purification of water and sewage treatment also are pH dependent. Physiologically, pH is critical to maintain normal body functions and key to biochemical reactions in the blood and other body fluids. Buffers and buffer systems are the primary means to regulate and maintain pH, and are discussed in more detail below (with examples in Appendix 3). [Pg.87]

Industrial land uses are extremely varied, depending on the nature of the industry being considered. Urban-industrial land usage generally refers to the siting of factories or petroleum refineries, and of utilities such as electricity generating stations, and water- and sewage-treatment facilities. Industrial land use in rural areas can include mines, smelters, and mills for the production of... [Pg.51]

Use Iron oxide pigment other iron salts ferrites water and sewage treatment catalyst, especially for synthetic ammonia fertilizer feed additive flour enrichment reducing agent herbicide wood preservative process engraving. [Pg.560]

Use Active ingredient in dry bleaches, dishwashing compounds, scouring powders, detergent-sanitizers, swimming pool disinfectants, water and sewage treatment, replacement for calcium hypochlorite. [Pg.1142]

Alumina itself, the product of the Bayer process, is important for many industrial applications other than for the production of aluminum. The red mud wastes that comprise the impurities removed from bauxite during alumina preparation are employed in steel making, the manufacture of red pigments, and for the production of chemicals used for water and sewage treatment [44] (see Section 12.5.1). [Pg.385]

To remove suspended particles in water and sewage treatment plants ... [Pg.413]


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